在中国内蒙古，通过宏基因组下一代测序鉴定全沟硬蜱和草原革蜱携带的病原体。
Identification of tick-borne pathogens by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in Dermacentor nuttalli and Ixodes persulcatus in Inner Mongolia, China.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, PR China.
Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2021 May 27;14(1):287. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04740-3.
BACKGROUND
Hard ticks act as arthropod vectors in the transmission of human and animal pathogens and are widely distributed in northern China. The aim of this study is to screen the important tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) carried by hard ticks in Inner Mongolia using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and to estimate the risk of human infection imposed by tick bites.
METHODS
The adult Dermacentor nuttalli (n = 203) and Ixodes persulcatus (n = 36) ticks feeding on cattle were collected. The pooled DNA samples prepared from these ticks were sequenced as the templates for mNGS to survey the presence of TBPs at the genus level. Individual tick DNA samples were detected by genus--specific or group-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of these TBPs and combined with DNA sequencing assay to confirm the results of mNGS.
RESULTS
R. raoultii (45.32%, 92/203), Candidatus R. tarasevichiae (5.42%, 11/203), Anaplasma sp. Mongolia (26.60%, 54/203), Coxiella-like endosymbiont (CLE) (53.69%, 109/203), and Babesia venatorum (7.88%, 16/203) were detected in D. nuttalli, while R. raoultii (30.56%, 11/36), Anaplasma sp. Mongolia (27.80%, 10/36), and CLE (27.80%, 10/36) were detected in I. persulcatus. The double- and triple-pathogen/endosymbiont co-infections were detected in 40.39% of D. nuttalli and 13.89% of I. persulcatus, respectively. The dual co-infection with R. raoultii and CLE (14.29%, 29/203) and triple co-infection with R. raoultii, Anaplasma sp. Mongolia, and CLE (13.79%, 28/203) were most frequent in D. nuttalli.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides insight into the microbial diversity of D. nuttalli and I. persulcatus in Inner Mongolia, China, reporting for the first time that Candidatus R. tarasevichiae had been found in D. nuttalli in China, and for the first time in the world that Anaplasma sp. Mongolia has been detected in I. persulcatus. This study proves that various vertically transmitted pathogens co-inhabit D. nuttalli and I. persulcatus, and indicates that cattle in Inner Mongolia are exposed to several TBPs.
背景
硬蜱作为节肢动物传播者在人类和动物病原体的传播中起作用，广泛分布于中国北方。本研究旨在利用宏基因组下一代测序（mNGS）筛选内蒙古硬蜱携带的重要蜱传病原体（TBPs），并评估蜱叮咬给人类带来的感染风险。
方法
收集了在牛身上吸食的 203 只革蜱（Dermacentor nuttalli）和 36 只璃眼蜱（Ixodes persulcatus）成虫。将这些蜱的混合 DNA 样本作为 mNGS 的模板进行测序，以检测属水平的 TBPs 存在情况。通过这些 TBPs 的属特异性或组特异性嵌套聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测单个蜱的 DNA 样本，并结合 DNA 测序检测来验证 mNGS 的结果。
结果
革蜱中检测到拉乌尔泰勒虫（45.32%，92/203）、候选拉乌尔泰勒虫（5.42%，11/203）、蒙古无形体（26.60%，54/203）、柯克斯体样内共生体（CLE）（53.69%，109/203）和巴贝虫（7.88%，16/203），而璃眼蜱中检测到拉乌尔泰勒虫（30.56%，11/36）、蒙古无形体（27.80%，10/36）和 CLE（27.80%，10/36）。革蜱中双重和三重病原体/内共生体混合感染率分别为 40.39%和 13.89%，而璃眼蜱中分别为 13.89%和 13.89%。革蜱中最常见的双重混合感染是拉乌尔泰勒虫和 CLE（14.29%，29/203），三重混合感染是拉乌尔泰勒虫、蒙古无形体和 CLE（13.79%，28/203）。
结论
本研究深入了解了中国内蒙古革蜱和璃眼蜱的微生物多样性，首次在中国革蜱中发现候选拉乌尔泰勒虫，首次在璃眼蜱中发现蒙古无形体。本研究证明，各种垂直传播的病原体共同栖息于革蜱和璃眼蜱中，表明内蒙古的牛群可能暴露于多种 TBPs 中。
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