Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2021 Aug;1868(9):119064. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119064. Epub 2021 May 26.
Autophagy is a degradative pathway during which autophagosomes are formed that enwrap cytosolic material destined for turnover within the lytic compartment. Autophagosome biogenesis requires controlled lipid and membrane rearrangements to allow the formation of an autophagosomal seed and its subsequent elongation into a fully closed and fusion-competent double membrane vesicle. Different membrane remodeling events are required, which are orchestrated by the distinct autophagy machinery. An important player among these autophagy proteins is the small lipid-modifier Atg8. Atg8 proteins facilitate various aspects of autophagosome formation and serve as a binding platform for autophagy factors. Also Rab GTPases have been implicated in autophagosome biogenesis. As Atg8 proteins interact with several Rab GTPase regulators, they provide a possible link between autophagy progression and Rab GTPase activity. Here, we review central aspects in membrane dynamics during autophagosome biogenesis with a focus on Atg8 proteins and selected Rab GTPases.
自噬是一种降解途径，在此过程中形成自噬体，自噬体包裹着细胞溶质物质，这些物质注定要在溶酶体中被循环利用。自噬体的生物发生需要受控的脂质和膜重排，以允许自噬体种子的形成及其随后延伸成完全封闭且融合相容的双层膜囊泡。需要不同的膜重塑事件，这些事件由不同的自噬机制协调。在这些自噬蛋白中，重要的参与者是小分子脂质修饰物 Atg8。Atg8 蛋白促进自噬体形成的各个方面，并作为自噬因子的结合平台。此外，Rab GTPase 也被牵连到自噬体生物发生中。由于 Atg8 蛋白与几种 Rab GTPase 调节剂相互作用，它们为自噬进展和 Rab GTPase 活性之间提供了可能的联系。在这里，我们综述了自噬体生物发生过程中膜动态的核心方面，重点介绍了 Atg8 蛋白和选定的 Rab GTPase。
