Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Aug;165:187-195. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.021. Epub 2021 May 7.
Predicted changes in climate, with more severe droughts and more extreme weather variability, are gaining considerable attention from stakeholders because of the already stressed and seriously challenging agricultural ecosystems of the contemporary world. One of the greatest challenges faced by these unique ecosystems due to climate change is drought stress, which affects plant growth, development and metabolic processes, thus reducing production, yield, and quality of crop plants. Plants counter this stress by employing complex mechanisms through a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular processes. Among the myriad of stress tolerance mechanisms, the positive effects of Si on water status of plants have been widely appreciated. Here, we review the potential of Si supplementation in alleviating drought stress and highlight the imported mechanisms involved in Si mediated reduction of drought stress in plants. Si fertilization not only enhances the photosynthetic pigments, growth, biomass, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression, osmolyte concentrations and nutrient uptake but also improves crop production, yield and grain quality during drought stress. In addition, it provides insights on important mechanisms involved in the modification of gas exchange attributes, gene modification, nutritional homeostasis, control synthesis of compatible solutes, osmotic adjustment and stimulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future research prospects to understand Si mediated role in alleviating drought stress.
由于当代世界农业生态系统已经承受压力并且面临严峻挑战，气候变化的预测变化——更严重的干旱和更极端的天气变化——引起了利益相关者的极大关注。由于气候变化，这些独特的生态系统面临的最大挑战之一是干旱胁迫，它影响植物的生长、发育和代谢过程，从而降低作物的产量、产量和质量。植物通过一系列生理、细胞和分子过程来应对这种压力。在无数的抗逆机制中，硅对植物水分状况的积极影响得到了广泛的认可。在这里，我们回顾了硅补充缓解干旱胁迫的潜力，并强调了硅介导减少植物干旱胁迫所涉及的机制。硅肥不仅可以提高光合作用色素、生长、生物量、抗氧化酶、基因表达、渗透调节剂浓度和养分吸收，还可以在干旱胁迫下提高作物产量、产量和谷物品质。此外，它还提供了在干旱胁迫下，参与气体交换特性、基因修饰、营养平衡、相容溶质合成的控制、渗透调节和植物激素生物合成和抗氧化酶的刺激等方面的重要机制的见解。我们还强调了知识空白和未来的研究前景，以了解硅在缓解干旱胁迫方面的作用。
