Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Koch Cancer Research Building, 1550 Orleans St., Room 110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 May 28;21(1):496. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06222-4.
COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. During the global vaccination rollout, it is vital to thoroughly understand the modes of transmission of the virus in order to prevent further spread of variants and ultimately to end the pandemic. The current literature suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted among the human population primarily through respiratory droplets and, to a lesser extent, via aerosols. Transmission appears to be affected by temperature, humidity, precipitation, air currents, pH, and radiation in the ambient environment. Finally, the use of masks or facial coverings, social distancing, and hand washing are effective public health strategies in reducing the risk of exposure and transmission. Additional research is needed to further characterize the relative benefits of specific nonpharmaceutical interventions.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的新发传染病。在全球疫苗接种工作推进之际，深入了解病毒的传播方式至关重要，这有助于防止病毒进一步变异和传播，最终结束此次大流行。目前的文献表明，SARS-CoV-2 主要通过呼吸道飞沫在人与人之间传播，在较小程度上也可通过气溶胶传播。传播似乎受到环境温度、湿度、降水、气流、pH 值和辐射等因素的影响。最后，使用口罩或面部遮盖物、保持社交距离和勤洗手是减少接触和传播风险的有效公共卫生策略。需要进一步研究以更好地描述特定非药物干预措施的相对益处。
