School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia.
Ann Behav Med. 2022 Jan 1;56(1):89-99. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab026.
Against a background of declining blood donor numbers, recruiting new donors is critical for the effective operations of healthcare providers. Thus, interventions are needed to recruit new blood donors.
We provide initial evidence for Voluntary Reciprocal Altruism (VRA) to enhance nondonors' willingness to become blood donors. VRA interventions involve asking two questions: one on accepting a blood transfusion if needed and one on willingness to donate. As early trials often use self-reports of willingness to perform blood donation behavior, we derive a correction factor to better estimate actual behavior. Finally, we explore the effect of VRA interventions on two prosocial emotions: gratitude and guilt.
Across three experiments (two in the UK and one in Australia: Total N = 1,208 nondonors) we manipulate VRA messages and explore how they affect both reported willingness to make a one-off or repeat blood donation and influence click through to blood donation, organ donation and volunteering registration sites (behavioral proxies). We report data from a longitudinal cohort (N = 809) that enables us to derive a correction for self-reported behavioral willingness.
Across the three experiments, we show that exposure to a question that asks about accepting a transfusion if needed increased willingness to donate blood with some spillover to organ donor registration. We also show that gratitude has an independent effect on donation and report a behavioral correction factor of .10.
Asking nondonors about accepting a transfusion if needed is likely to be an effective strategy to increase new donor numbers.
在献血者人数下降的背景下，招募新的献血者对于医疗保健提供者的有效运作至关重要。因此，需要采取干预措施来招募新的献血者。
我们提供了自愿互惠利他主义（VRA）的初步证据，以增强非献血者成为献血者的意愿。VRA 干预措施包括提出两个问题：一个是如果需要，是否愿意接受输血，另一个是是否愿意献血。由于早期试验通常使用自我报告的献血意愿，我们得出了一个修正因子，以更好地估计实际行为。最后，我们探讨了 VRA 干预措施对两种亲社会情绪：感激和内疚的影响。
在三项实验中（两项在英国，一项在澳大利亚：总非献血者人数为 1208 人），我们操纵了 VRA 信息，并探讨了它们如何影响报告的单次或重复献血意愿，以及对点击献血、器官捐赠和志愿服务注册网站的影响（行为代理）。我们报告了来自纵向队列（N=809）的数据，这使我们能够为自我报告的行为意愿得出修正值。
在三项实验中，我们表明，接触到一个询问是否需要接受输血的问题会增加献血意愿，并且对器官捐赠登记也有一定的溢出效应。我们还表明，感激对捐赠有独立的影响，并报告了一个行为修正因子为.10。
询问非献血者是否需要接受输血可能是增加新献血者人数的有效策略。
