Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877, Jingshi Rd., Jinan 250001, China.
Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877, Jingshi Rd., Jinan 250001, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Aug;140:111750. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111750. Epub 2021 May 26.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of complex compounds generated by nonenzymatic interactions between proteins and reducing sugars or lipids. AGEs accumulate in vivo and activate various signaling pathways closely related to the occurrence of various chronic metabolic diseases. In this paper, we describe the process through which AGEs are formed, the classification of AGEs, and biological effects of AGEs on human health. Most importantly, we review recent progress in natural compound-based AGE formation inhibitors. Major classes of natural inhibitors, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, terpenoids, vitamins and alkaloids, have been described. Their mechanisms of action have been summarized as scavenging free radicals, chelating metal ions, capturing active carbonyl compounds, protecting protein glycation sites, and lowering blood glucose levels. Although these natural compounds have good antiglycation activity, to date, they are not widely used in the clinic, likely because of their low content levels. However, these natural compounds and their molecular frameworks will play a valuable role in inspiring drug discovery.
糖基化终产物（AGEs）是蛋白质与还原糖或脂质非酶促反应生成的一组复杂化合物。AGEs 在体内积累，并激活与各种慢性代谢性疾病发生密切相关的各种信号通路。在本文中，我们描述了 AGEs 的形成过程、AGEs 的分类以及 AGEs 对人类健康的生物学影响。最重要的是，我们回顾了基于天然化合物的 AGE 形成抑制剂的最新进展。主要类别的天然抑制剂，包括多酚、多糖、萜类、维生素和生物碱，已经被描述。它们的作用机制被总结为清除自由基、螯合金属离子、捕获活性羰基化合物、保护蛋白质糖化位点和降低血糖水平。尽管这些天然化合物具有良好的抗糖化活性，但迄今为止，它们在临床上尚未得到广泛应用，可能是因为它们的含量低。然而，这些天然化合物及其分子结构将在启发药物发现方面发挥宝贵作用。
