Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India.
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Jan 15;195:565-588. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.041. Epub 2021 Dec 14.
Non-enzymatic reaction involving carbonyl of reducing sugars and amino groups in proteins produces advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE accumulation in vivo is a crucial factor in the progression of metabolic and pathophysiological mechanisms like obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease, neurological disorders, and chronic renal failure. The body's own defense mechanism, synthetic inhibitors, and natural inhibitors can all help to prevent the glycation of proteins. Synthetic inhibitors have the potential to suppress the glycation of proteins through a variety of pathways. They could avoid Amadori product development by tampering with the addition of sugars to the proteins. Besides which, the free radical scavenging and blocking crosslink formation could be another mechanism behind their anti-glycation properties. In comparison with synthetic substances, naturally occurring plant products have been found to be comparatively non-toxic, cheap, and usable in an ingestible form. This review gives a brief introduction of the Maillard reaction; formation, characterization and pathology related to AGEs, potential therapeutic approaches against glycation, natural and synthetic inhibitors of glycation and their probable mechanism of action. The scientific community could get benefit from the combined knowledge about important molecules, which will further guide to the design and development of new pharmaceutical compounds.
非酶反应涉及还原糖的羰基和蛋白质中的氨基，产生晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）。体内 AGE 的积累是肥胖、糖尿病、冠状动脉疾病、神经紊乱和慢性肾衰竭等代谢和病理生理机制进展的关键因素。身体自身的防御机制、合成抑制剂和天然抑制剂都有助于防止蛋白质糖化。合成抑制剂可以通过多种途径抑制蛋白质的糖化。它们可以通过干扰糖向蛋白质的添加来避免 Amadori 产物的形成。此外，清除自由基和阻止交联形成可能是其抗糖化特性的另一种机制。与合成物质相比，天然存在的植物产物被发现相对无毒、廉价，并且可以以可食用的形式使用。本综述简要介绍了美拉德反应；AGEs 的形成、表征和病理学，针对糖化的潜在治疗方法，糖化的天然和合成抑制剂及其可能的作用机制。科学界可以从关于重要分子的综合知识中受益，这将进一步指导新药物化合物的设计和开发。
