Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA.
Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Aug 1;225:108771. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108771. Epub 2021 May 21.
Alcohol is known to modulate the immune system, including cytokines, under conditions of both acute consumption and chronic use. The specific pro- and anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms whereby alcohol consumption modulates circulating cytokine concentrations are not well understood. Few studies in humans have investigated the effect of acute alcohol consumption on plasma cytokine concentrations in individuals who are heavy drinkers.
Data were pooled from two studies involving a total of 25 non-treatment seeking, heavy drinking individuals who undertook an oral alcohol administration procedure. Plasma cytokine [Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)] concentrations were measured at two baseline timepoints, then three hours after alcohol administration, and finally when breath alcohol concentrations returned to zero. Linear mixed models were conducted to determine whether there was a significant effect of time on cytokine concentrations.
There was a significant reduction in TNF-α concentration (F [3, 20.42] = 4.96, p = 0.01, η = 0.42) post alcohol administration, compared to baseline concentrations, and a significant increase in IL-6 concentrations (F [3, 27.81] = 9.06, p < 0.001, η = 0.49) post alcohol administration, compared to baseline. There were no significant changes in IL-18 or IL-10 concentrations.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the acute effect of oral alcohol consumption on peripheral inflammatory markers in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Results indicate a clinically relevant increase in proinflammatory cytokines approximately 3 h after initial alcohol ingestion. Further research should be done to elucidate the complex interaction between alcohol and the immune system.
酒精在急性摄入和慢性使用的情况下都已知会调节免疫系统，包括细胞因子。酒精消耗如何调节循环细胞因子浓度的具体促炎和抗炎作用及机制尚不清楚。很少有研究在大量饮酒的个体中调查急性酒精摄入对血浆细胞因子浓度的影响。
数据来自两项研究，共涉及 25 名非治疗性寻求帮助的重度饮酒者，他们接受了口服酒精给药程序。在两个基线时间点测量了血浆细胞因子[白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]浓度，然后在酒精给药后 3 小时测量，最后当呼气酒精浓度恢复到零时测量。线性混合模型用于确定细胞因子浓度是否随时间有显著变化。
与基线浓度相比，酒精给药后 TNF-α浓度（F [3, 20.42] = 4.96，p = 0.01，η = 0.42）显著降低，IL-6 浓度（F [3, 27.81] = 9.06，p < 0.001，η = 0.49）显著升高。IL-18 或 IL-10 浓度没有明显变化。
据我们所知，这是第一项研究，在酒精使用障碍个体中检查口服酒精消耗对周围炎症标志物的急性影响。结果表明，在初始酒精摄入后约 3 小时，促炎细胞因子出现了临床相关的增加。应该进一步研究以阐明酒精和免疫系统之间的复杂相互作用。
