Schreiber G B, Maffeo C E, Robins M, Masters M N, Bond A P
Westat, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850.
Prev Med. 1988 May;17(3):280-94. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(88)90004-7.
Reported associations between coffee or caffeine intake and benign breast disease, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases have generally been weak and inconsistent. The apparent discrepancies in these studies might be attributable to imprecision in the measurement of coffee and caffeine intake. A study of a random sample of 2,714 U.S. adults disclosed considerable misclassification of total caffeine intake and, to a lesser extent, coffee intake when the estimates were limited to only the number of cups of coffee consumed. Adjustment for the following factors is recommended: amount of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumed both on weekdays and on weekends; the size of the container used; the method used to brew caffeinated coffee; and the amount of caffeine imbibed from tea and soft drinks. Intake of coffee varied markedly between seasons of the year and over time. Random misclassification of coffee and caffeine intake would have the effect of obscuring dose-response relationships to disease incidence.
报告显示，咖啡或咖啡因摄入量与良性乳腺疾病、癌症及心血管疾病之间的关联通常较弱且不一致。这些研究中明显的差异可能归因于咖啡和咖啡因摄入量测量的不精确性。一项对2714名美国成年人的随机抽样研究发现，当仅根据饮用咖啡的杯数进行估计时，总咖啡因摄入量存在相当大的错误分类，咖啡摄入量的错误分类程度相对较小。建议对以下因素进行调整：工作日和周末饮用的含咖啡因咖啡和脱咖啡因咖啡的量；所用容器的大小；冲泡含咖啡因咖啡的方法；以及从茶和软饮料中摄取的咖啡因量。一年中不同季节以及不同时间段的咖啡摄入量差异显著。咖啡和咖啡因摄入量的随机错误分类会模糊与疾病发病率的剂量反应关系。
