Cardillo Fabíola, Bonfim Maiara, da Silva Vasconcelos Sousa Periela, Mengel José, Ribeiro Castello-Branco Luiz Roberto, Pinho Rosa Teixeira
Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil.
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 May 1;9(5):439. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050439.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated vaccine from , was initially developed as an agent for vaccination against tuberculosis. BCG proved to be the first successful immunotherapy against established human bladder cancer and other neoplasms. The use of BCG has been shown to induce a long-lasting antitumor response over all other forms of treatment against intermediate, non-invasive muscle bladder cancer Several types of tumors may now be treated by releasing the immune response through the blockade of checkpoint inhibitory molecules, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. In addition, Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists and BCG are used to potentiate the immune response against tumors. Studies concerning TLR-ligands combined with BCG to treat melanoma have demonstrated efficacy in treating mice and patients This review addresses several interventions using BCG on neoplasms, such as Leukemia, Bladder Cancer, Lung Cancer, and Melanoma, describing treatments and antitumor responses promoted by this attenuated bacillus. Of essential importance, BCG is described recently to participate in an adequate microbiome, establishing an effective response during cell-target therapy when combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, which stimulates T cell responses against the melanoma. Finally, trained immunity is discussed, and reprogramming events to shape innate immune responses are addressed.
卡介苗（BCG）是一种源自[具体来源未提及]的减毒疫苗，最初被开发用作预防结核病的疫苗。卡介苗被证明是针对已确诊的人类膀胱癌和其他肿瘤的第一种成功的免疫疗法。与针对中级、非侵袭性肌肉膀胱癌的所有其他治疗形式相比，使用卡介苗已显示出能诱导持久的抗肿瘤反应。现在，通过阻断检查点抑制分子（如CTLA-4和PD-1）来释放免疫反应，可以治疗几种类型的肿瘤。此外， Toll样受体（TLR）激动剂和卡介苗被用于增强针对肿瘤的免疫反应。关于TLR配体与卡介苗联合治疗黑色素瘤的研究已证明对治疗小鼠和患者有效。本综述探讨了使用卡介苗对白血病、膀胱癌、肺癌和黑色素瘤等肿瘤的几种干预措施，描述了这种减毒杆菌所促进的治疗方法和抗肿瘤反应。至关重要的是，最近有研究表明卡介苗参与了适当的微生物群，在与抗PD-1抗体联合进行细胞靶向治疗期间建立了有效的反应，该抗体可刺激针对黑色素瘤的T细胞反应。最后，讨论了训练有素的免疫力，并探讨了塑造先天免疫反应的重编程事件。
