Plant Preparations and Compounds with Activities against Biofilms Formed by spp.

Fungi from the genus are very important human and animal pathogens. Many strains can produce biofilms, which inhibit the activity of antifungal drugs and increase the tolerance or resistance to them as well. Clinically, this process leads to persistent infections and increased mortality. Today, many species are resistant to drugs, including , which is a multiresistant pathogen. Natural compounds may potentially be used to combat multiresistant and biofilm-forming strains. The aim of this review was to present plant-derived preparations and compounds that inhibit biofilm formation by at least 50%. A total of 29 essential oils and 16 plant extracts demonstrate activity against biofilms, with the following families predominating: Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apiacae. (0.045-0.07 mg/L), (0.06-8 mg/L), and (2.5 mg/L) have the best antifungal activity. High efficacy has also been observed with , , and . Moreover, 69 plant compounds demonstrate activity against biofilms. Activity in concentrations below 16 mg/L was observed with phenolic compounds (thymol, pterostilbene, and eugenol), sesquiterpene derivatives (warburganal, polygodial, and ivalin), chalconoid (lichochalcone A), steroidal saponin (dioscin), flavonoid (baicalein), alkaloids (waltheriones), macrocyclic bisbibenzyl (riccardin D), and cannabinoid (cannabidiol). The above compounds act on biofilm formation and/or mature biofilms. In summary, plant preparations and compounds exhibit anti-biofilm activity against . Given this, they may be a promising alternative to antifungal drugs.