Alvarez-Buylla R, de Alvarez-Buylla E R
Department of Physiology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, S.S., México, D.F.
Respir Physiol. 1988 Jun;72(3):347-59. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(88)90093-x.
This paper describes (a) the influence of glucose on carotid chemoreceptor activity, and (b) the participation of carotid receptors in glucose homeostasis. After eliminating the carotid body baroreceptors in anesthetized cats, the injection of glucose to the vascularly isolated carotid sinus region reduced by 20% the electrical activity of carotid body chemoreceptors and increased their threshold to hypoxia. Mannitol in the same concentration did not change the chemoreceptor activity. A decrease in baroreceptor activity elicited by carotid occlusion, or carotid chemoreceptor stimulation with 50 micrograms/kg cyanide (NaCN), produced an immediate increase in the output of hepatic glucose, raising the hepatic venous-arterial glucose difference above basal levels. Bilateral adrenalectomy eliminated these reflex responses. Cyanide injected in the same conditions caused a sharp increase in glucose retention by the brain. In control experiments, after sectioning the carotid nerve, NaCN injections were ineffective. However, electrical stimulation of the central stump of carotid nerve elicited reflex effects similar to those obtained with NaCN stimulation.
本文描述了（a）葡萄糖对颈动脉化学感受器活动的影响，以及（b）颈动脉感受器在葡萄糖稳态中的作用。在麻醉猫中消除颈动脉体压力感受器后，向血管分离的颈动脉窦区域注射葡萄糖可使颈动脉体化学感受器的电活动降低20%，并提高其对缺氧的阈值。相同浓度的甘露醇并未改变化学感受器的活动。颈动脉闭塞引起的压力感受器活动降低，或用50微克/千克氰化物（NaCN）刺激颈动脉化学感受器，会使肝葡萄糖输出立即增加，使肝静脉-动脉葡萄糖差值高于基础水平。双侧肾上腺切除消除了这些反射反应。在相同条件下注射氰化物会导致大脑对葡萄糖的潴留急剧增加。在对照实验中，切断颈动脉神经后，注射NaCN无效。然而，电刺激颈动脉神经的中枢残端会引发与NaCN刺激相似的反射效应。
