Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University in Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Radiotherapy, St. John's Cancer Centre, The Regional Oncology Centre of Lublin Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 12;22(10):5100. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105100.
The mitochondria are essential for normal cell functioning. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may affect the occurrence of some chronic diseases and cancer. This process is complex and not entirely understood. The assignment to a particular mitochondrial haplogroup may be a factor that either contributes to cancer development or reduces its likelihood. Mutations in mtDNA occurring via an increase in reactive oxygen species may favour the occurrence of further changes both in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in postmitotic cells are not inherited, but may play a role both in initiation and progression of cancer. One of the first discovered polymorphisms associated with cancer was in the gene NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 (mt-ND3) and it was typical of haplogroup N. In prostate cancer, these mutations and polymorphisms involve a gene encoding subunit I of respiratory complex IV cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (). At present, a growing number of studies also address the impact of mtDNA polymorphisms on prognosis in cancer patients. Some of the mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms occur in both chronic disease and cancer, for instance polymorphism G5913A characteristic of prostate cancer and hypertension.
线粒体对于细胞的正常功能至关重要。线粒体 DNA（mtDNA）的变化可能会影响一些慢性疾病和癌症的发生。这个过程很复杂，目前还不完全清楚。分配到特定的线粒体单倍群可能是一个因素，它既可以促进癌症的发展，也可以降低其可能性。通过活性氧增加而发生的 mtDNA 突变可能有利于线粒体和核 DNA 进一步发生变化。有丝分裂后细胞中的线粒体 DNA 突变不会遗传，但可能在癌症的起始和进展中发挥作用。与癌症相关的第一个被发现的多态性之一是在 NADH-泛醌氧化还原酶链 3（mt-ND3）基因中，它是 N 单倍群的典型特征。在前列腺癌中，这些突变和多态性涉及编码呼吸复合物 IV 细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1 基因（）亚单位 I 的基因。目前，越来越多的研究也探讨了 mtDNA 多态性对癌症患者预后的影响。一些线粒体 DNA 多态性既存在于慢性疾病中，也存在于癌症中，例如前列腺癌和高血压的特征性 G5913A 多态性。
