Abdalla Muna Ali, Li Fengjie, Wenzel-Storjohann Arlette, Sulieman Saad, Tasdemir Deniz, Mühling Karl H
Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 May 13;13(5):713. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050713.
The main objective of the present study was to assess the effects of sulfur (S) nutrition on plant growth, overall quality, secondary metabolites, and antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars. Three lettuce cultivars, namely, Pazmanea RZ (green butterhead, V1), Hawking RZ (green multi-leaf lettuce, V2), and Barlach RZ (red multi-leaf, V3) were subjected to two S-treatments in the form of magnesium sulfate (+S) or magnesium chloride (-S). Significant differences were observed under -S treatments, especially among V1 and V2 lettuce cultivars. These responses were reflected in the yield, levels of macro- and micro-nutrients, water-soluble sugars, and free inorganic anions. In comparison with the green cultivars (V1 and V2), the red-V3 cultivar revealed a greater acclimation to S starvation, as evidenced by relative higher plant growth. In contrast, the green cultivars showed higher capabilities in production and superior quality attributes under +S condition. As for secondary metabolites, sixteen compounds (e.g., sesquiterpene lactones, caffeoyl derivatives, caffeic acid hexose, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-OCQA), quercetin and luteolin glucoside derivatives) were annotated in all three cultivars with the aid of HPLC-DAD-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Sesquiterpene lactone lactucin and anthocyanin cyanidin 3--galactoside were only detected in V1 and V3 cultivars, respectively. Based on the analyses, the V3 cultivar was the most potent radical scavenger, while V1 and V2 cultivars exhibited antibacterial activity against in response to S provision. Our study emphasizes the critical role of S nutrition in plant growth, acclimation, and nutritional quality. The judicious-S application can be adopted as a promising antimicrobial prototype for medical applications.
本研究的主要目的是评估硫（S）营养对水培生菜品种的植物生长、整体品质、次生代谢产物以及抗菌和自由基清除活性的影响。选用了三个生菜品种，即帕兹马内亚RZ（绿奶油生菜，V1）、霍金RZ（绿多叶生菜，V2）和巴拉赫RZ（红多叶生菜，V3），以硫酸镁（+S）或氯化镁（-S）的形式进行两种硫处理。在-S处理下观察到显著差异，尤其是在V1和V2生菜品种之间。这些反应体现在产量、大量和微量营养素水平、水溶性糖和游离无机阴离子上。与绿色品种（V1和V2）相比，红色V3品种对硫饥饿表现出更强的适应性，相对较高的植物生长证明了这一点。相比之下，绿色品种在+S条件下具有更高的生产能力和优良的品质属性。至于次生代谢产物，借助基于HPLC-DAD-MS的非靶向代谢组学在所有三个品种中鉴定出16种化合物（例如倍半萜内酯、咖啡酰衍生物、咖啡酸己糖、5-咖啡酰奎宁酸（5-OCQA）、槲皮素和木犀草素糖苷衍生物）。倍半萜内酯莴苣苦素和花青素矢车菊素3-半乳糖苷分别仅在V1和V3品种中检测到。基于分析，V3品种是最强的自由基清除剂，而V1和V2品种在供应硫时对[具体细菌名称缺失]表现出抗菌活性。我们的研究强调了硫营养在植物生长、适应性和营养品质中的关键作用。明智地施用硫可作为一种有前景的医学应用抗菌原型。
