Anand Sanjay, Chan Timothy A, Hasan Tayyaba, Maytin Edward V
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 May 10;14(5):447. doi: 10.3390/ph14050447.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes selective damage to tumor cells and vasculature and also triggers an anti-tumor immune response. The latter fact has prompted the exploration of PDT as an immune-stimulatory adjuvant. PDT is not the only cancer treatment that relies on electromagnetic energy to destroy cancer tissue. Ionizing radiation therapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are two other treatment modalities that employ photons (with wavelengths either shorter or longer than PDT, respectively) and also cause tissue damage and immunomodulation. Research on the three modalities has occurred in different "silos", with minimal interaction between the three topics. This is happening at a time when immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), another focus of intense research and clinical development, has opened exciting possibilities for combining PDT, PTT, or RT with ICI to achieve improved therapeutic benefits. In this review, we surveyed the literature for studies that describe changes in anti-tumor immunity following the administration of PDT, PTT, and RT, including efforts to combine each modality with ICI. This information, collected all in one place, may make it easier to recognize similarities and differences and help to identify new mechanistic hypotheses toward the goal of achieving optimized combinations and tumor cures.
光动力疗法（PDT）会对肿瘤细胞和脉管系统造成选择性损伤，还会引发抗肿瘤免疫反应。后一事实促使人们探索将PDT作为一种免疫刺激佐剂。PDT并非唯一依靠电磁能来破坏癌组织的癌症治疗方法。电离辐射疗法（RT）和光热疗法（PTT）是另外两种治疗方式，它们分别利用波长比PDT短或长的光子，同样会造成组织损伤和免疫调节。对这三种治疗方式的研究在不同的“领域”中进行，这三个主题之间的相互作用极少。而此时，另一个研究和临床开发的热点——免疫检查点抑制（ICI），为将PDT、PTT或RT与ICI联合使用以实现更好的治疗效果开辟了令人兴奋的可能性。在本综述中，我们查阅了相关文献，以寻找描述PDT、PTT和RT治疗后抗肿瘤免疫变化的研究，包括将每种治疗方式与ICI联合使用的研究。将这些信息集中收集在一起，可能会更容易识别异同之处，并有助于提出新的机制假说，以实现优化联合治疗和治愈肿瘤的目标。
