RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Department of Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, P.O. Box 5607, S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
Almac Sciences Ltd., 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, UK.
Molecules. 2021 May 10;26(9):2822. doi: 10.3390/molecules26092822.
Enzymes have been exploited by humans for thousands of years in brewing and baking, but it is only recently that biocatalysis has become a mainstream technology for synthesis. Today, enzymes are used extensively in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, food, fine chemicals, flavors, fragrances and other products. Enzyme immobilization technology has also developed in parallel as a means of increasing enzyme performance and reducing process costs. The aim of this review is to present and discuss some of the more recent promising technical developments in enzyme immobilization, including the supports used, methods of fabrication, and their application in synthesis. The review highlights new support technologies such as the use of well-established polysaccharides in novel ways, the use of magnetic particles, DNA, renewable materials and hybrid organic-inorganic supports. The review also addresses how immobilization is being integrated into developing biocatalytic technology, for example in flow biocatalysis, the use of 3D printing and multi-enzymatic cascade reactions.
几千年来，人类一直在酿造和烘焙中利用酶，但直到最近，生物催化才成为合成的主流技术。如今，酶广泛应用于制药、食品、精细化学品、香料、香精和其他产品的制造中。酶固定化技术也作为提高酶性能和降低工艺成本的一种手段得到了发展。本文旨在介绍和讨论酶固定化的一些更有前途的最新技术发展，包括所使用的载体、制备方法及其在合成中的应用。本文重点介绍了一些新的载体技术，例如以新颖的方式使用成熟的多糖、使用磁性颗粒、DNA、可再生材料和有机-无机杂化载体。本文还讨论了固定化技术如何融入正在发展的生物催化技术中，例如在流态生物催化、3D 打印和多酶级联反应中的应用。
