Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Dermatology Clinic, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 10;22(9):5037. doi: 10.3390/ijms22095037.
Wound healing is a complex, staged process. It involves extensive communication between the different cellular constituents of various compartments of the skin and its extracellular matrix (ECM). Different signaling pathways are determined by a mutual influence on each other, resulting in a dynamic and complex crosstalk. It consists of various dynamic processes including a series of overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation response, new tissue formation, and tissue remodeling. Interruption or deregulation of one or more of these phases may lead to non-healing (chronic) wounds. The most important factor among local and systemic exogenous factors leading to a chronic wound is infection with a biofilm presence. In the last few years, an increasing number of reports have evaluated the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on tissue repair. Each experimental result comes from a single element of this complex process. An interaction between ELF-EMFs and healing has shown to effectively modulate inflammation, protease matrix rearrangement, neo-angiogenesis, senescence, stem-cell proliferation, and epithelialization. These effects are strictly related to the time of exposure, waveform, frequency, and amplitude. In this review, we focus on the effect of ELF-EMFs on different wound healing phases.
伤口愈合是一个复杂的、分阶段的过程。它涉及皮肤及其细胞外基质（ECM）不同部位的不同细胞成分之间的广泛通讯。不同的信号通路通过相互影响而确定，从而产生动态而复杂的串扰。它由各种动态过程组成，包括一系列重叠的阶段：止血、炎症反应、新组织形成和组织重塑。这些阶段中的一个或多个的中断或失调可能导致愈合不良（慢性）伤口。导致慢性伤口的局部和全身外源因素中最重要的因素是生物膜存在的感染。在过去的几年中，越来越多的报告评估了极低频（ELF）电磁场（EMF）对组织修复的影响。每个实验结果都来自这个复杂过程的单一元素。ELF-EMF 与愈合之间的相互作用已被证明可以有效调节炎症、蛋白酶基质重排、新血管生成、衰老、干细胞增殖和上皮化。这些作用与暴露时间、波形、频率和幅度密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 ELF-EMF 对不同伤口愈合阶段的影响。
