Muchaamba Francis, Stephan Roger, Tasara Taurai
Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Microorganisms. 2021 May 14;9(5):1061. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9051061.
has evolved an extensive array of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions, ensuring its virulence phenotype expression. For this reason, has been identified as a significant food safety and public health concern. Among these adaptation systems are cold shock proteins (Csps), which facilitate rapid response to stress exposure. has three highly conserved genes, namely, , , and . Using a series of deletion mutants, it has been shown that Csps are important for biofilm formation, motility, cold, osmotic, desiccation, and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, they are involved in overall virulence by impacting the expression of virulence-associated phenotypes, such as hemolysis and cell invasion. It is postulated that during stress exposure, Csps function to counteract harmful effects of stress, thereby preserving cell functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and translation, ensuring survival and growth of the cell. Interestingly, it seems that Csps might suppress tolerance to some stresses as their removal resulted in increased tolerance to stresses, such as desiccation for some strains. Differences in roles among strains from different genetic backgrounds are apparent for desiccation tolerance and biofilm production. Additionally, hierarchical trends for the different Csps and functional redundancies were observed on their influences on stress tolerance and virulence. Overall current data suggest that Csps have a wider role in bacteria physiology than previously assumed.
已经进化出一系列广泛的机制来应对压力并适应不断变化的环境条件，以确保其毒力表型的表达。因此，它已被确定为一个重大的食品安全和公共卫生问题。在这些适应系统中，有冷休克蛋白（Csps），它们有助于对压力暴露做出快速反应。有三个高度保守的基因，即 、 和 。通过一系列缺失突变体表明，Csps对生物膜形成、运动性、寒冷、渗透、干燥和氧化应激耐受性很重要。此外，它们通过影响毒力相关表型（如溶血和细胞侵袭）的表达而参与整体毒力。据推测，在压力暴露期间，Csps的功能是抵消压力的有害影响，从而保留细胞功能，如DNA复制、转录和翻译，确保细胞的存活和生长。有趣的是，似乎Csps可能会抑制对某些压力的耐受性，因为去除它们会导致对某些菌株的干燥等压力的耐受性增加。来自不同遗传背景的菌株在干燥耐受性和生物膜产生方面的作用差异明显。此外，观察到不同Csps的层次趋势及其功能冗余对压力耐受性和毒力的影响。总体而言，目前的数据表明Csps在细菌生理学中的作用比以前假设的更广泛。
