Machač Ondřej, Tuf Ivan Hadrián
Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Insects. 2021 May 18;12(5):465. doi: 10.3390/insects12050465.
Spiders are common inhabitants of tree hollows, as well as bird nesting boxes, especially in autumn and winter. Some species of spiders use bird nesting boxes for overwintering. We investigated spider assemblages in nesting boxes and how temperature influences the abundance of overwintering spiders in nesting boxes in lowland forest in the Czech Republic. The study was conducted in the European winters of 2015-2017. In total, 3511 spider specimens belonging to 16 identified species were collected from nesting boxes over three years in late autumn and winter. Almost all species were arboreal specialists. The dominant species were , , and . Although the tree species had no effect on the abundance of overwintering spiders, the presence of nest material affected the abundance of spiders in the nesting boxes (preferred by . and . ). In general, spiders resettled nesting boxes during winter only sporadically, however . reoccupied boxes continuously, and its activity was positively correlated with the outside temperature. Nesting boxes support insect-eaters all year around-birds during spring and summer and spiders during autumn and winter.
蜘蛛是树洞以及鸟巢箱的常见栖息者，尤其是在秋冬季节。一些蜘蛛种类利用鸟巢箱越冬。我们调查了鸟巢箱中的蜘蛛群落，以及温度如何影响捷克共和国低地森林中鸟巢箱里越冬蜘蛛的数量。该研究在2015 - 2017年的欧洲冬季进行。在三年时间里，于深秋和冬季从鸟巢箱中共收集到3511只属于16个已鉴定物种的蜘蛛标本。几乎所有物种都是树栖专家。优势物种是 、 、 和 。尽管树种对越冬蜘蛛的数量没有影响，但巢材的存在影响了鸟巢箱中蜘蛛的数量（ 、 和 更喜欢）。一般来说，蜘蛛在冬季只是偶尔重新安置鸟巢箱，然而 持续重新占据鸟巢箱，并且其活动与外界温度呈正相关。鸟巢箱全年都为食虫动物提供支持——春夏季节是鸟类，秋冬季节是蜘蛛。
