Zhao Ruting, Su Meicheng, Zhao Yan, Chen Gang, Chen Ailiang, Yang Shuming
Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
Foods. 2021 May 18;10(5):1119. doi: 10.3390/foods10051119.
Traceability of milk origin in China is conducive to the implementation of the protection of regional products. In order to distinguish milk from different geographical distances in China, we traced the milk of eight farms in four neighboring provinces of China (Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Hebei, Ningxia Hui autonomous and Shaanxi), and multivariate data analysis was applied to the data including elemental analysis, stable isotope analysis and fatty acid analysis. In addition, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is used to determine the optimal classification model, and it is explored whether the combination of different technologies is better than a single technical analysis. It was confirmed that in the inter-provincial samples, the combination of the two techniques was better than the analysis using a single technique (fatty acids: R = 0.716, Q = 0.614; fatty acid-binding isotopes: R = 0.760, Q = 0.635). At the same time, milk produced by farms with different distances of less than 11 km in each province was discriminated, and the discriminant distance was successfully reduced to 0.7 km (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region: the distance between the two farms was 0.7 km, R = 0.771, Q = 0.631). For short-distance samples, the combination multiple technologies are not completely superior to a single technique, and sometimes, it is easy to cause model over-fitting.
中国牛奶产地溯源有助于实施区域产品保护。为区分中国不同地理距离的牛奶，我们对中国四个相邻省份（内蒙古自治区、河北、宁夏回族自治区和陕西）八个农场的牛奶进行溯源，并将多元数据分析应用于包括元素分析、稳定同位素分析和脂肪酸分析的数据。此外，使用正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）来确定最佳分类模型，并探讨不同技术的组合是否优于单一技术分析。结果证实，在省际样本中，两种技术的组合优于单一技术分析（脂肪酸：R = 0.716，Q = 0.614；脂肪酸结合同位素：R = 0.760，Q = 0.635）。同时，对每个省份距离小于11公里的不同农场生产的牛奶进行判别，判别距离成功缩小至0.7公里（宁夏回族自治区：两个农场之间的距离为0.7公里，R = 0.771，Q = 0.631）。对于短距离样本，多种技术的组合并不完全优于单一技术，有时还容易导致模型过拟合。
