Vannucci Manila, Chiorri Carlo, Favilli Laura
Department of Neurofarba, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Firenze, Italy.
Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, 16126 Genova, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2021 May 18;11(5):660. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050660.
Autobiographical memories (ABMs) produce rich phenomenological experiences. Although few standardized and comprehensive measures of the phenomenology of ABMs have been developed, a web-based assessment of the full range of phenomenological properties is still missing. In the present study, we aimed to fill this gap and tested the psychometric properties of a web-based version of the Assessment of the Phenomenology of Autobiographical Memory (APAM) in a group of young and older adults. Specifically, taking advantage of the flexibility of web-based assessment methodology, we tested the rating consistency of APAM items, asking participants to rate the phenomenology of their ABMs with respect to seven cues, administered in one per day in seven different days. In each session, we also collected ratings of mood and arousal. Using linear mixed modeling (LMM), we could examine whether the phenomenology ratings differed with respect to age group while controlling for sex, age of the memory, arousal, mood, and specificity of the memory. Results revealed an adequate level of consistency of ratings in both young and older adults. Moreover, LMMs revealed a more intense experience of recollection and reliving (i.e., sensory and emotional) and a higher confidence in memory accuracy in older compared to younger adults. The theoretical and practical usefulness of a web-based assessment of the phenomenology of ABMs are discussed.
自传体记忆（ABMs）会产生丰富的现象学体验。尽管针对ABMs现象学的标准化且全面的测量方法很少，但基于网络的对所有现象学属性的评估仍付诸阙如。在本研究中，我们旨在填补这一空白，并在一组年轻人和老年人中测试了基于网络版的自传体记忆现象学评估（APAM）的心理测量特性。具体而言，利用基于网络评估方法的灵活性，我们测试了APAM项目的评分一致性，要求参与者根据七个线索对其ABMs的现象学进行评分，这七个线索在七个不同的日子里每天呈现一个。在每个环节中，我们还收集了情绪和唤醒水平的评分。使用线性混合模型（LMM），我们可以在控制性别、记忆的年龄、唤醒水平、情绪和记忆的特异性的同时，检验现象学评分在年龄组方面是否存在差异。结果显示，年轻人和老年人的评分一致性都达到了适当水平。此外，线性混合模型显示，与年轻人相比，老年人的回忆和重温体验（即感官和情感方面）更强烈，对记忆准确性的信心更高。本文还讨论了基于网络的ABMs现象学评估的理论和实际用途。
