Zainol Nur Fatihah Mohamad, Zainuddin Azim Haziq, Looi Ley Juen, Aris Ahmad Zaharin, Isa Noorain Mohd, Sefie Anuar, Ku Yusof Ku Mohd Kalkausar
Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 27;18(11):5733. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115733.
Rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Langat Basin has disturbed the groundwater quality. The populations' reliance on groundwater sources may induce possible risks to human health such as cancer and endocrine dysfunction. This study aims to determine the groundwater quality of an urbanized basin through 24 studied hydrochemical parameters from 45 groundwater samples obtained from 15 different sampling stations by employing integrated multivariate analysis. The abundance of the major ions was in the following order: bicarbonate (HCO) > chloride (Cl) > sodium (Na) > sulphate (SO) > calcium (Ca) > potassium (K) > magnesium (Mg). Heavy metal dominance was in the following order: Fe > Mn > Zn > As > Hg > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Se > Sr. Classification of the groundwater facies indicated that the studied groundwater belongs to the Na-Cl with saline water type and Na-HCO with mix water type characteristics. The saline water type characteristics are derived from agricultural activities, while the mixed water types occur from water-rock interaction. Multivariate analysis performance suggests that industrial, agricultural, and weathering activities have contributed to groundwater contamination. The study will help in the understanding of the groundwater quality issue and serve as a reference for other basins with similar characteristics.
兰卡威盆地快速的城市化和工业发展扰乱了地下水水质。当地居民对地下水源的依赖可能给人类健康带来潜在风险，如癌症和内分泌功能紊乱。本研究旨在通过对从15个不同采样站采集的45个地下水样本中的24个水化学参数进行综合多变量分析，来确定一个城市化盆地的地下水水质。主要离子的丰度顺序如下：碳酸氢根（HCO）> 氯离子（Cl）> 钠离子（Na）> 硫酸根（SO）> 钙离子（Ca）> 钾离子（K）> 镁离子（Mg）。重金属优势顺序如下：铁（Fe）> 锰（Mn）> 锌（Zn）> 砷（As）> 汞（Hg）> 铅（Pb）> 镍（Ni）> 铜（Cu）> 镉（Cd）> 硒（Se）> 锶（Sr）。地下水相分类表明，所研究的地下水属于具有咸水类型的Na-Cl型和具有混合水类型特征的Na-HCO型。咸水类型特征源自农业活动，而混合水类型则是水岩相互作用的结果。多变量分析结果表明，工业、农业和风化活动导致了地下水污染。该研究将有助于了解地下水水质问题，并为其他具有类似特征的盆地提供参考。
