Wang Shirlene D, Nicolo Michele, Yi Li, Dunton Genevieve F, Mason Tyler B
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90031, USA.
Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 27;18(11):5744. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115744.
Food cues in the environment may contribute to obesity as the consumption of unhealthy foods may reinforce reward pathways in the brain. To understand how person-level differences in reward sensitivity may be associated with diet quality, this study aimed to examine the moderating role of the availability of fast food in the environment on the relationship between reward sensitivity and diet quality in adolescents. Participants ( = 152; 55% female; Mage: 12.5 ± 0.93 y) completed the drive and reward subscales of the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioral Activation System (BAS) Scale to assess reward sensitivity and completed two 24 h dietary recalls from which Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores (total score and subscales of adequacy and moderation) were calculated. Fast-food environment (FFE) was operationalized as the total number of fast-food outlets within 1 km around participants' home address. Linear regressions were used to examine the main effects and interactions between reward sensitivity and FFE in relation to HEI score. Interactions were found between FFE and BAS drive ( = 0.02) and BAS reward ( < 0.01) on HEI adequacy. There were no interaction effects on HEI moderation or HEI total scores. For individuals who had lower access exposure to fast-food outlets (-1 SD), there was a stronger positive association between higher BAS drive (t = 2.85, = 0.01, 95% CI (0.35, 1.94)) and HEI adequacy scores and between higher BAS reward (t = 3.27, > 0.01, 95% CI (0.72, 2.93)) and HEI adequacy scores. By examining reward sensitivity to potential food cues in residential neighborhood food environments, it is possible to understand which adolescents are more sensitive to environmental food cues and implement interventions to buffer these influences.
环境中的食物线索可能导致肥胖，因为食用不健康食品可能会强化大脑中的奖赏通路。为了了解奖赏敏感性的个体差异如何与饮食质量相关，本研究旨在探讨环境中快餐的可及性对青少年奖赏敏感性与饮食质量之间关系的调节作用。参与者（n = 152；55%为女性；平均年龄：12.5±0.93岁）完成了行为抑制系统（BIS）/行为激活系统（BAS）量表的驱力和奖赏分量表以评估奖赏敏感性，并完成了两次24小时饮食回顾，据此计算健康饮食指数（HEI）得分（总分以及充足性和适度性分量表得分）。快餐环境（FFE）通过参与者家庭住址周围1公里内快餐门店的总数来衡量。采用线性回归分析奖赏敏感性与FFE对HEI得分的主效应及交互作用。结果发现，FFE与BAS驱力（p = 0.02）和BAS奖赏（p < 0.01）在HEI充足性方面存在交互作用。在HEI适度性或HEI总分方面未发现交互效应。对于接触快餐门店较少（-1标准差）的个体，较高的BAS驱力（t = 2.85，p = 0.01，95%置信区间（0.35，1.94））与HEI充足性得分之间以及较高的BAS奖赏（t = 3.27，p > 0.01，95%置信区间（0.72，2.93））与HEI充足性得分之间存在更强的正相关。通过研究居民邻里食物环境中对潜在食物线索的奖赏敏感性，有可能了解哪些青少年对环境食物线索更敏感，并实施干预措施来缓冲这些影响。
