Abdelhafiz Mohamed, Al-Rubaie Kassim S, Emadi Ali, Elbestawi Mohamed A
Additive Manufacturing Group (AMG), Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
Materials (Basel). 2021 May 29;14(11):2945. doi: 10.3390/ma14112945.
The process-structure-property relationships of copper laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-produced parts made of high purity copper powder (99.9 wt %) are examined in this work. A nominal laser beam diameter of 100 μm with a continuous wavelength of 1080 nm was employed. A wide range of process parameters was considered in this study, including five levels of laser power in the range of 200 to 370 W, nine levels of scanning speed from 200 to 700 mm/s, six levels of hatch spacing from 50 to 150 μm, and two layer thickness values of 30 μm and 40 μm. The influence of preheating was also investigated. A maximum relative density of 96% was obtained at a laser power of 370 W, scanning speed of 500 mm/s, and hatch spacing of 100 μm. The results illustrated the significant influence of some parameters such as laser power and hatch spacing on the part quality. In addition, surface integrity was evaluated by surface roughness measurements, where the optimum Ra was measured at 8 μm ± 0.5 μm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed on the as-built samples to assess the impact of impurities on the L-PBF part characteristics. The highest electrical conductivity recorded for the optimum density-low contaminated coils was 81% IACS.
在这项工作中，研究了由高纯度铜粉（99.9 wt%）通过铜激光粉末床熔融（L-PBF）制造的零件的工艺-结构-性能关系。采用标称激光束直径为100μm、连续波长为1080nm的激光束。本研究考虑了广泛的工艺参数，包括200至370W范围内的五个激光功率水平、200至700mm/s范围内的九个扫描速度水平、50至150μm范围内的六个扫描间距水平以及30μm和40μm的两个层厚值。还研究了预热的影响。在激光功率为370W、扫描速度为500mm/s和扫描间距为100μm时，获得了96%的最大相对密度。结果表明，激光功率和扫描间距等一些参数对零件质量有显著影响。此外，通过表面粗糙度测量对表面完整性进行了评估，其中最佳粗糙度Ra测量值为8μm±0.5μm。对增材制造后的样品进行了X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和能量色散X射线能谱（EDX）分析，以评估杂质对L-PBF零件特性的影响。对于最佳密度-低污染的线圈，记录到的最高电导率为81%IACS。
