Purge Priit, Valiulin Dmitri, Kivil Allar, Müller Alexander, Tschakert Gerhard, Jürimäe Jaak, Hofmann Peter
Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport & Health, Exercise Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Sports (Basel). 2021 May 31;9(6):79. doi: 10.3390/sports9060079.
Pre-competitive conditioning has become a substantial part of successful performance. In addition to temperature changes, a metabolic conditioning can have a significant effect on the outcome, although the right dosage of such a method remains unclear. The main goal of the investigation was to measure how a lower body high-intensity anaerobic cycling pre-load exercise (HIE) of 25 s affects cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in subsequent upper body performance. Thirteen well-trained college-level male cross-country skiers (18.1 ± 2.9 years; 70.8 ± 7.6 kg; 180.6 ± 4.7 cm; 15.5 ± 3.5% body fat) participated in the study. The athletes performed a 1000-m maximal double-poling upper body ergometer time trial performance test (TT) twice. One TT was preceded by a conventional low intensity warm-up (TT) while additional HIE cycling was performed 9 min before the other TT (TT). Maximal double-poling performance after the TT (225.1 ± 17.6 s) was similar ( > 0.05) to the TT (226.1 ± 15.7 s). Net blood lactate (La) increase (delta from end of TT minus start) from the start to the end of the TT was 10.5 ± 2.2 mmol L and 6.5 ± 3.4 mmol L in TT ( < 0.05). La net changes during recovery were similar for both protocols, remaining 13.5% higher in TT group even 6 min after the maximal test. VCO was lower ( < 0.05) during the last 400-m split in TT, however during the other splits no differences were found ( < 0.05). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was significantly lower in TT in the third, fourth and the fifth 200 m split. Participants individual pacing strategies showed high relation ( < 0.05) between slower start and faster performance. In conclusion, anaerobic metabolic pre-conditioning leg exercise significantly reduced net-La increase, but all-out upper body performance was similar in both conditions. The pre-conditioning method may have some potential but needs to be combined with a pacing strategy different from the usual warm-up procedure.
赛前训练已成为成功表现的重要组成部分。除了温度变化外，代谢调节对结果也可能产生显著影响，尽管这种方法的正确剂量仍不明确。该研究的主要目的是测量25秒的下肢高强度无氧循环预负荷运动（HIE）如何影响随后上肢运动中的心肺和代谢反应。13名训练有素的大学水平男性越野滑雪运动员（18.1±2.9岁；70.8±7.6千克；180.6±4.7厘米；体脂率15.5±3.5%）参与了该研究。运动员进行了两次1000米最大双杖上肢测力计计时赛成绩测试（TT）。一次TT之前进行常规低强度热身（TT），而在另一次TT（TT）前9分钟进行额外的HIE循环。TT（225.1±17.6秒）后的最大双杖成绩与TT（226.1±15.7秒）相似（>0.05）。从TT开始到结束，TT组的净血乳酸（La）增加量（TT结束时减去开始时的差值）为10.5±2.2毫摩尔/升，TT组为6.5±3.4毫摩尔/升（<0.05）。两种方案恢复期间的La净变化相似，即使在最大测试后6分钟，TT组仍比另一组高13.5%。在TT的最后400米分段中，VCO较低（<0.05），但在其他分段中未发现差异（<0.05）。在第三、第四和第五个200米分段中，TT组的呼吸交换率（RER）显著较低。参与者的个人配速策略显示，较慢的起跑与较快的成绩之间存在高度相关性（<0.05）。总之，无氧代谢预调节腿部运动显著降低了净La增加量，但在两种情况下全力上肢运动表现相似。这种预调节方法可能具有一定潜力，但需要与不同于常规热身程序的配速策略相结合。
