Torrente-López Anabel, Hermosilla Jesús, Navas Natalia, Cuadros-Rodríguez Luis, Cabeza José, Salmerón-García Antonio
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biohealth Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Biohealth Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, E-18012 Granada, Spain.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 May 26;9(6):557. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9060557.
Major efforts have been made in the search for effective treatments since the outbreak of the COVID-19 infection in December 2019. Extensive research has been conducted on drugs that are already available and new treatments are also under development. Within this context, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been the subject of widespread investigation focusing on two target-based groups, i.e., non-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs, that target immune system responses, and SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs, designed to neutralize the virus protein structure. Here we review the latest literature about the use of mAbs in order to describe the state of the art of the clinical trials and the benefits of using these biotherapeutics in the treatment of COVID-19. The clinical trials considered in the present review include both observational and randomized studies. We begin by presenting the studies conducted using non-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs for treating different immune disorders that were already on the market. Within this group of mAbs, we focus particularly on anti-IL-6/IL-6R. This is followed by a discussion of the studies on SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs. Our findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs are significantly more effective than non-specific ones.
自2019年12月新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）感染爆发以来，人们在寻找有效治疗方法方面付出了巨大努力。针对现有药物开展了广泛研究，同时也在研发新的治疗方法。在此背景下，治疗性单克隆抗体（mAb）成为广泛研究的对象，主要集中在两个基于靶点的类别，即非严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）特异性单克隆抗体，其靶向免疫系统反应；以及SARS-CoV-2特异性单克隆抗体，旨在中和病毒蛋白结构。在此，我们综述了关于单克隆抗体应用的最新文献，以描述临床试验的现状以及使用这些生物疗法治疗COVID-19的益处。本综述中考虑的临床试验包括观察性研究和随机研究。我们首先介绍使用已上市的非SARS-CoV-2特异性单克隆抗体治疗不同免疫疾病的研究。在这组单克隆抗体中，我们特别关注抗白细胞介素-6/白细胞介素-6受体（IL-6/IL-6R）。接下来讨论关于SARS-CoV-2特异性单克隆抗体的研究。我们的研究结果表明，SARS-CoV-2特异性单克隆抗体比非特异性单克隆抗体显著更有效。
