美国家庭食物环境与成年人体重及饮食的关系：一项横断面研究。
Home food environment and associations with weight and diet among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jun 1;21(1):1032. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11102-2.
BACKGROUND
The home provides the physical and social context for the majority of eating behaviors for U.S. adults. This study describes eleven dimensions of the home food environment among a national sample of U.S. adults and identifies which are associated with diet quality and overweight/obesity.
METHODS
A national sample of U.S. adults ages 18 to 75 was recruited from an online survey panel. Respondents (n = 4942) reported on foods available in the home, including 1) fruit and vegetables, 2) salty snacks/sweets, 3) less healthy beverages, as well as 4) food placement, 5) shopping practices for fruits and vegetables, 6) food preparation, 7) portion control methods, 8) family meals from restaurants, 9) family household practices around TV and eating, 10) presence of a TV in the dining area, and 11) ownership of a scale. Self-reported height and weight, fruit and vegetable intake, and percent calories from fat were also assessed.
RESULTS
Mean household size was 2.6, 32.7% had children in the home, and 23.1% lived alone. The majority were White (67.7%), with 12.3% Black and 14.3% Hispanic. Mean age was 44.4 and 48.3% were men. In multivariable models, seven features of the home food environment were associated with meeting the recommended fruit and vegetable intake guidelines, with food placement, meal preparation, frequency of shopping for fruit, and a greater variety of fruits and vegetables available in the home most strongly associated. Eight of 11 features were associated with percent energy from fat, including restaurant food for family meals, salty snacks and sweets availability, less healthy beverages availability, food placement, meal preparation, frequency of shopping for fruit, family eating with the TV on, and having a TV in the dining area. More diverse fruit and vegetable availability was associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity, and more frequent family eating while watching TV was associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity.
CONCLUSION
Targeting these dimensions of the home food environment may be a promising approach for future intervention research.
背景
家庭为大多数美国成年人的饮食行为提供了物质和社会环境。本研究描述了美国成年人的家庭食品环境的 11 个维度，并确定了哪些维度与饮食质量和超重/肥胖有关。
方法
从在线调查小组中招募了年龄在 18 至 75 岁之间的美国成年人全国样本。受访者（n=4942）报告了家中可获得的食物，包括 1）水果和蔬菜，2）咸的零食/甜食，3）不健康的饮料，以及 4）食物摆放位置，5）水果和蔬菜的购物习惯，6）食物准备，7）控制份量的方法，8）从餐厅购买的家庭餐，9）家庭在电视和饮食方面的习惯，10）餐厅是否有电视，以及 11）是否拥有秤。还评估了自我报告的身高和体重、水果和蔬菜摄入量以及来自脂肪的卡路里百分比。
结果
家庭平均规模为 2.6，32.7%的家庭有孩子，23.1%的人独居。大多数人是白人（67.7%），12.3%是黑人，14.3%是西班牙裔。平均年龄为 44.4 岁，48.3%是男性。在多变量模型中，家庭食品环境的七个特征与达到推荐的水果和蔬菜摄入量指南有关，与食物摆放位置、膳食准备、购买水果的频率以及家庭中可获得的水果和蔬菜种类最多有关。11 个特征中有 8 个与脂肪能量百分比有关，包括家庭餐的餐厅食物、咸的零食和甜食的供应、不健康饮料的供应、食物摆放位置、膳食准备、购买水果的频率、边吃边看电视的家庭用餐习惯以及在餐厅内有电视。更多样化的水果和蔬菜供应与较低的超重/肥胖几率有关，而边看电视边经常与家人一起吃饭则与超重/肥胖几率增加有关。
结论
针对家庭食品环境的这些方面可能是未来干预研究的一种有前途的方法。
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