Italian Agency for Development Cooperation - Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Primary Care Department, Azienda ULSS 3 Serenissima, Dolo-Mirano District, Dolo-Mirano, Italy.
Acta Paediatr. 2021 Oct;110(10):2704-2710. doi: 10.1111/apa.15964. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
Malnutrition is a major public health issue that has been associated with high susceptibility for impaired brain development and mental functioning. However, to date studies on this topic have not been collated and appraised. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between malnutrition and cognitive development.
We searched the MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases in English up to 8 December 2020. All studies reporting an association between nutritional status and cognitive development were included. p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and the results are reported as standardised mean differences (SMD), 95% confidence intervals (95%) and I statistics.
We included 12 studies comprising 7,607 participants aged 1 to 12 years. Children with malnutrition had worse scores than controls for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (SMD -0.40; 95% CI -0.60 to -0.20; p < 0.0001; I 77.1%), the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (SMD -3.75; 95% CI -5.68 to -1.83; p < 0.0001; I 99.2%), visual processing (SMD -0.85; 95% CI -1.23 to -0.46; p 0.009; I 11.0%) and short memory (SMD 0.85; 95% CI -1.21 to -0.49; p < 0.0001; I 0%) tests.
Normal cognitive development requires access to good and safe nutrition.
营养不良是一个主要的公共卫生问题，与大脑发育和精神功能受损的高易感性有关。然而，迄今为止，关于这一主题的研究尚未被整理和评估。本系统评价和荟萃分析调查了营养不良与认知发展之间的关系。
我们用英文检索了 MEDLINE、Scopus、CINAHL、Embase PsycINFO 和 Cochrane Library 数据库，检索时间截至 2020 年 12 月 8 日。所有报告营养状况与认知发展之间存在关联的研究均被纳入。p 值小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义，结果以标准化均数差值（SMD）、95%置信区间（95%CI）和 I 统计量报告。
我们纳入了 12 项研究，共纳入了 7607 名 1 至 12 岁的参与者。与对照组相比，营养不良的儿童在韦氏智力测验（SMD-0.40；95%CI-0.60 至-0.20；p<0.0001；I 77.1%）、瑞文彩色渐进矩阵测验（SMD-3.75；95%CI-5.68 至-1.83；p<0.0001；I 99.2%）、视觉处理（SMD-0.85；95%CI-1.23 至-0.46；p=0.09；I 11.0%）和短期记忆（SMD 0.85；95%CI-1.21 至-0.49；p<0.0001；I 0%）测试中得分更差。
正常的认知发展需要获得良好和安全的营养。
