大学生中的饮食失调与认知增强剂和精神兴奋剂的使用：一项横断面研究
Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Damiri Basma, Safarini Omar A, Nazzal Zaher, Abuhassan Ahmad, Farhoud Ahmad, Ghanim Nesma, Al Ali Rayyan, Suhail Mirvat, Qino Mohammad, Zamareh Mohammad, Thabaleh Ammar, Zahran Jihad
机构信息
Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Drug, and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
出版信息
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2021 May 25;17:1633-1645. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S308598. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
University students, who are at risk of eating disorders (ED), are more liable to use cognitive enhancers and psychostimulants to improve their cognitive functions and lose weight. ED in Palestinian male students is a neglected health issue. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and the association between ED and cognitive enhancers, and psychostimulants use among An-Najah National University students (ANNU).
METHODS
In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 at ANNU, 1047 students completed anonymous surveys for cognitive enhancers practice, the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Sick, Control, One, Fat and FOOD (SCOFF) screening tests.
RESULTS
The prevalence of ED among ANNU students was 21.2% based on EAT-26 (17.1% in males, 23.8% in females) and 31.5% based on SCOFF (24.0% in males, 36.3% in females). The binary logistic regression revealed that students at risk to have ED were water-pipe smokers (OR: 1.471, p-value 0.047), especially males, while students who were less likely to have ED were males (OR: 0.341, p-value<0.001), coffee users (OR: 0.581, p-value 0.014) and chocolate users (OR: 0.530, p-value 0.041) than nonusers. Moreover, the risk of ED increased with increasing body mass index (p-value<0.01). Clinical medical students showed the lowest prevalence (11.1%) compared to preclinical (22.5%), health sciences (23.7%), and non-medical students (20.9%) (p-value 0.059).
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight water-pipe smoking as a significant health problem in males with ED, which may require unique treatment and prevention strategies. Moreover, coffee and chocolate consumption were associated with decreased risk of ED, only among males. The gender-gap in ED prevalence was very narrow compared to international results. These results prompt the need to focus on both genders in future studies instead of females. They also suggest the urgent need to address ED among Palestinian university students by educating students about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help.
背景
有饮食失调风险的大学生更容易使用认知增强剂和精神兴奋剂来改善认知功能和减肥。巴勒斯坦男学生的饮食失调是一个被忽视的健康问题。我们旨在调查纳贾赫国立大学（ANNU）学生中饮食失调的患病率以及饮食失调与认知增强剂、精神兴奋剂使用之间的关联。
方法
在2020年于ANNU进行的一项横断面研究中，1047名学生完成了关于认知增强剂使用情况、饮食态度测试-26（EAT-26）、疾病、控制、一、肥胖与食物（SCOFF）筛查测试的匿名调查。
结果
基于EAT-26，ANNU学生中饮食失调的患病率为21.2%（男性为17.1%，女性为23.8%）；基于SCOFF，患病率为31.5%（男性为24.0%，女性为36.3%）。二元逻辑回归显示，有饮食失调风险的学生是水烟吸食者（比值比：1.471，p值0.047），尤其是男性；而不太可能有饮食失调的学生是男性（比值比：0.341，p值<0.001）、咖啡饮用者（比值比：0.581，p值0.014）和巧克力食用者（比值比：0.530，p值0.041），与非使用者相比。此外，饮食失调的风险随着体重指数的增加而增加（p值<0.01）。与临床前学生（22.5%）、健康科学专业学生（23.7%）和非医学专业学生（20.9%）相比，临床医学专业学生的患病率最低（11.1%）（p值0.059）。
结论
我们的研究结果突出了水烟吸食是患有饮食失调的男性中的一个重大健康问题，这可能需要独特的治疗和预防策略。此外，仅在男性中，饮用咖啡和食用巧克力与饮食失调风险降低有关。与国际结果相比，饮食失调患病率的性别差距非常小。这些结果促使在未来研究中需要关注男女两性，而不仅仅是女性。它们还表明迫切需要通过对学生进行心理健康教育、识别高危学生以及提供容易获得的心理帮助来解决巴勒斯坦大学生中的饮食失调问题。
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