A novel smoking-specific self-control task: An initial study of feasibility, acceptability, and changes in self-control and cigarette smoking behaviors among adults using cigarettes.

Self-control is a key factor in quitting cigarettes and practicing general self-control tasks may strengthen self-control. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a novel smoking-related self-control task. Seventy-five adults with current cigarette smoking ( = 44.8, 74.7% male, 63.5% Black, 74.3% non-Latinx) were randomly assigned to practice a smoking-specific self-control task (Delay Smoking Task, = 39) or a general self-control task (Posture Task, = 36) for 1 week. Assessments included cigarettes per day (CPD), motivation to quit smoking, self-control, and task acceptability. Most participants completed both appointments with no difference between task groups ( = .69). The Delay Smoking Task group rated the task as more difficult ( = .04) and more helpful for quitting smoking ( = .005) than did the Posture Task group. Self-control task groups did not differ in task effort ( = .66), task success ( = .14), or self-control used to practice the task ( = .13). Both task groups reported increased quit desire, expected quit success, quit confidence, and quit motivation ( < .05; partial η²s = 0.108-0.333). The time by task group interaction approached significance for expected quit success ( = .06; partial η² = .053), with the Delay Smoking Task group showing greater increases than the Posture Task group. Over the week, smoking decreased an average of 1.0 CPD with no difference between groups ( = .72; partial η² = 0.165). Practicing self-control was associated with increases in motivation to quit, confidence in quitting, and expected success at quitting smoking with similar changes for those practicing a smoking-specific versus a general self-control task. Self-control tasks may be useful for increasing motivation to quit cigarettes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).