Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
Neurotoxicology. 2021 Jul;85:222-233. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.017. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
To characterize the association between residential environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and depression and anxiety, given prior associations among occupationally-exposed workers.
We administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to 697 study participants in their preferred languages. These participants represented a population-based sample of residents aged ≥40 from two predominantly Black African communities in Gauteng province, South Africa: 605 in Meyerton, adjacent to a large Mn smelter, and 92 in Ethembalethu, a comparable non-exposed community. We investigated the associations between community (Meyerton vs. Ethembalethu) and severity of depression and anxiety, using linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. To document community-level differences in Mn exposure, we measured airborne PM-Mn.
Meyerton residents had BDI scores 5.63 points (95 % CI 3.07, 8.20) higher than Ethembalethu residents, with all questions contributing to this significant difference. STAI-state scores were marginally higher in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents [2.12 (95 % CI -0.17, 4.41)], whereas STAI-trait scores were more similar between the communities [1.26 (95 % CI -0.82, 3.35)]. Mean PM-Mn concentration was 203 ng/m at a long-term fixed site in Meyerton and 10 ng/m in Ethembalethu.
Residence near Mn emission sources may be associated with greater depression symptomatology, and possibly current, but not lifetime, anxiety.
鉴于职业暴露工人之间存在关联，描述居住环境锰（Mn）暴露与抑郁和焦虑之间的关系。
我们用参与者偏好的语言向 697 名研究对象发放贝克抑郁量表（BDI）和状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）。这些参与者来自南非豪登省两个主要的非洲黑人社区：一个是毗邻大型 Mn 冶炼厂的迈耶顿，另一个是埃特姆巴莱图，他们构成了一个基于人群的 40 岁以上居民样本。我们用线性回归法，在调整年龄和性别后，调查了社区（迈耶顿与埃特姆巴莱图）和抑郁及焦虑严重程度之间的关系。为了记录 Mn 暴露的社区差异，我们测量了空气中的 PM-Mn。
迈耶顿居民的 BDI 得分比埃特姆巴莱图居民高 5.63 分（95 % CI 3.07，8.20），所有问题都促成了这一显著差异。STAI-状态得分在迈耶顿略高于埃特姆巴莱图居民[2.12（95 % CI -0.17，4.41）]，而 STAI-特质得分在两个社区之间更为相似[1.26（95 % CI -0.82，3.35）]。迈耶顿的长期固定监测点的 PM-Mn 浓度均值为 203ng/m，埃特姆巴莱图的浓度为 10ng/m。
居住在 Mn 排放源附近可能与更严重的抑郁症状有关，并且可能与当前而非终身的焦虑有关。
