Philosophisch-pädagogische Fakultät, Fachgebiet Psychologie II, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2021 Nov;83(8):3311-3336. doi: 10.3758/s13414-021-02284-3. Epub 2021 Jun 4.
How can we explain the regularities in subjective reports of human observers about their subjective visual experience of a stimulus? The present study tests whether a recent model of confidence in perceptual decisions, the weighted evidence and visibility model, can be generalized from confidence to subjective visibility. In a postmasked orientation identification task, observers reported the subjective visibility of the stimulus after each single identification response. Cognitive modelling revealed that the weighted evidence and visibility model provided a superior fit to the data compared with the standard signal detection model, the signal detection model with unsystematic noise superimposed on ratings, the postdecisional accumulation model, the two-channel model, the response-congruent evidence model, the two-dimensional Bayesian model, and the constant noise and decay model. A comparison between subjective visibility and decisional confidence revealed that visibility relied more on the strength of sensory evidence about features of the stimulus irrelevant to the identification judgment and less on evidence for the identification judgment. It is argued that at least two types of evidence are required to account for subjective visibility, one related to the identification judgment, and one related to the strength of stimulation.
我们如何解释人类观察者对刺激的主观视觉体验的主观报告中的规律？本研究测试了一种最近的感知决策置信度模型，即加权证据和可见度模型，是否可以从置信度推广到主观可见度。在掩蔽后定向识别任务中，观察者在每次单一识别反应后报告刺激的主观可见度。认知建模表明，与标准信号检测模型、在评分上叠加非系统性噪声的信号检测模型、决策后积累模型、双通道模型、与反应一致的证据模型、二维贝叶斯模型和恒定噪声和衰减模型相比，加权证据和可见度模型对数据的拟合更好。主观可见度和决策置信度的比较表明，可见度更多地依赖于与识别判断无关的刺激特征的感觉证据的强度，而较少依赖于识别判断的证据。有人认为，至少需要两种类型的证据来解释主观可见度，一种与识别判断有关，另一种与刺激强度有关。
