Andersen Lau M, Dalal Sarang S
Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 3, Building 1710, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; National Facility for Magnetoencephalography (NatMEG), Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 3, Building 1710, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Neuroimage. 2021 Sep;238:118202. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118202. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
The cerebellum is involved in predicting the sensory feedback resulting from movements and sensations, but little is known about the precise timing of these predictions due to the scarcity of time-sensitive cerebellar neuroimaging studies. We here, using magnetoencephalography, investigated the hypothesis that one function of the cerebellum is to predict with millisecond precision when rhythmic stimuli are expected to impinge on sensory receptors. This revealed that omissions following regular trains of stimulation showed higher cerebellar power in the beta band (14-30 Hz) than those following irregular trains of stimulation, within milliseconds of when the omitted stimulus should have appeared. We also found evidence of cerebellar theta band (4-7 Hz) activity encoding the rhythm of new sequences of stimulation. Our results also strongly suggest that the putamen and the thalamus mirror the cerebellum in showing higher beta band power when omissions followed regular trains of stimulation compared to when they followed irregular trains of stimulation. We interpret this as the cerebellum functioning as a clock that precisely encodes and predicts upcoming stimulation, perhaps in tandem with the putamen and thalamus. Relative to less predictable stimuli, perfectly predictable stimuli induce greater cerebellar power. This implies that the cerebellum entrains to rhythmic stimuli for the purpose of detecting any deviations from that rhythm.
小脑参与预测运动和感觉所产生的感觉反馈，但由于缺乏对时间敏感的小脑神经成像研究，对于这些预测的精确时间知之甚少。我们在此使用脑磁图，研究了小脑的一个功能是在预期有节奏的刺激冲击感觉受体时以毫秒精度进行预测的假设。这表明，在预期遗漏刺激出现的数毫秒内，规律刺激序列后的遗漏在β波段（14 - 30赫兹）显示出比不规律刺激序列后的遗漏更高的小脑功率。我们还发现了小脑θ波段（4 - 7赫兹）活动编码新刺激序列节奏的证据。我们的结果还强烈表明，与不规律刺激序列后的遗漏相比，规律刺激序列后的遗漏会使壳核和丘脑的β波段功率更高，这反映了小脑的情况。我们将此解释为小脑起着时钟的作用，精确地编码和预测即将到来的刺激，可能与壳核和丘脑协同作用。相对于较不可预测的刺激，完全可预测的刺激会诱发更大的小脑功率。这意味着小脑与有节奏的刺激同步，以便检测与该节奏的任何偏差。
