Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutrition. 2021 Sep;89:111284. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111284. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
This study aimed to examine the secular trends of dietary food groups and diet quality among adults, overall and by sex, education, and employment status.
This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographic and anthropometric measurements were gathered using standard questionnaires. In terms of socioeconomic information, participants were divided into two groups according to their educational level and employment status. The regular dietary intakes of participants were gathered with a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire over the previous year, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension scores were computed to evaluate diet quality. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess secular trends in food groups within the four phases.
From 2006 to 2017, intake of whole grains, legumes, and nuts and seeds increased, and intake of refined grains, dairy products, and solid fats decreased significantly (P for trend < 0.001). Dietary fruit, vegetable, meat, and soft drink intake did not change significantly. According to socioeconomic groups, meat intake decreased significantly among men, uneducated, and unemployed participants, and fruit intake increased in both women and educated participants. Based on a 40-point scale, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score increased from 18.1 ± 0.0 in phase1 to 22.7 ± 0.1 in phase 4 of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (P for trend < 0.001).
Over a decade, in addition to improvements in intake of a number of dietary food groups, the estimated overall diet quality of the study population showed a modest improvement. These findings may determine areas for more attention to improve the overall dietary intake of the population.
本研究旨在探讨成年人饮食食物组和饮食质量的长期趋势，总体上以及按性别、教育程度和就业状况进行分析。
本研究是在德黑兰血脂和血糖研究框架内进行的。使用标准问卷收集人口统计学和人体测量学数据。根据社会经济信息，参与者根据其教育水平和就业状况分为两组。通过验证和可靠的食物频率问卷收集参与者的常规饮食摄入情况，计算膳食回避高血压评分以评估饮食质量。使用广义估计方程评估四个阶段内食物组的长期趋势。
从 2006 年到 2017 年，全谷物、豆类和坚果以及种子的摄入量增加，而精制谷物、乳制品和固体脂肪的摄入量显著下降（趋势 P<0.001）。水果、蔬菜、肉类和软饮料的饮食摄入量没有明显变化。根据社会经济群体，男性、未受教育和失业参与者的肉类摄入量显著下降，而女性和受教育参与者的水果摄入量增加。根据 40 分制，膳食回避高血压评分从德黑兰血脂和血糖研究第一阶段的 18.1±0.0 增加到第四阶段的 22.7±0.1（趋势 P<0.001）。
在十多年的时间里，除了一些饮食食物组的摄入量有所改善外，研究人群的整体饮食质量估计也有所提高。这些发现可能确定了需要更多关注的领域，以改善人群的整体饮食摄入。
