Mirmiran Parvin, Azadbakht Leila, Azizi Fereidoun
Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 May;75(3):195-200. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.75.3.195.
The aim of this study was to determine the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score and its relation take of nutrients and the number of servings from each food group consumed by adolescents residing in district 13 of Tehran. This study, conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), was a part of a dietary intake assessment carried out in 443 families, including 465 adolescents, aged 10-18 years, according to the Food Guide Pyramid and dietary guidelines on individuals residing in district 13 of Tehran. In this study, dietary intake was assessed with two-day 24-hour recalls. HEI was calculated based on nine components. The score range of each component was 0 to 10, the sum score of this index therefore being 90. The HEI score was categorized into three groups: less than 45 (poor diet), between 45-72 (needs improvement) and more than 72 (good diet). The mean score of HEI was 64.9 +/- 9.6 in boys and 64.8 +/- 9.4 in girls. The results showed that the number of servings of food groups in those with good diet was significantly higher than the two other groups (p < 0.05). In contrast the percent of saturated fat intake and cholesterol consumption in those with HEI > or = 72 was lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). The approximate number of food items consumed and the total nutrient intake by adolescents with HEI score > or = 72 was significantly higher than the others (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the number of servings of grains group (r = 0.1), vegetables (r = 0.4), fruits (r = 0.4), dairy (r = 0.3), meat (r = 0.1), and HEI (p < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between fat intake (r = -0.2, p < 0.001), percent of saturated fatty acids (r = -0.2, p < 0.05), cholesterol consumption (r = -0.4, p < 0.05), and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (P/S) in diet (r = 0.2, p < 0.05), and HEI score. Seventy-four, 23, and 3% of diets were categorized into "needs improvement", "good", and "poor", respectively. In conclusion, the diets of most Tehranian adolescents need improvement, demonstrating the need for nutrition education in this age group.
本研究旨在确定德黑兰第13区青少年的健康饮食指数（HEI）得分及其与营养素摄入量和各食物组食用份数之间的关系。本研究是在德黑兰血脂与血糖研究（TLGS）框架内进行的，是根据食物指南金字塔和针对德黑兰第13区居民的饮食指南，对443个家庭（包括465名10 - 18岁青少年）进行的饮食摄入量评估的一部分。在本研究中，通过两天的24小时饮食回顾来评估饮食摄入量。HEI基于九个组成部分进行计算。每个组成部分的得分范围为0至10分，因此该指数的总分是90分。HEI得分分为三组：低于45分（饮食不良）、45 - 72分（需要改善）和高于72分（饮食良好）。男孩的HEI平均得分是64.9 +/- 9.6，女孩为64.8 +/- 9.4。结果表明，饮食良好者的食物组食用份数显著高于其他两组（p < 0.05）。相比之下，HEI≥72者的饱和脂肪摄入量百分比和胆固醇摄入量低于其他组（p < 0.05）。HEI得分≥72的青少年食用的食物种类数量和总营养素摄入量显著高于其他人（p < 0.05）。谷物组（r = 0.1）、蔬菜（r = 0.4）、水果（r = 0.4）、乳制品（r = 0.3）、肉类（r = 0.1）的食用份数与HEI之间存在显著正相关（p < 0.001）。脂肪摄入量（r = -0.2，p < 0.001）、饱和脂肪酸百分比（r = -0.2，p < 0.05）、胆固醇摄入量（r = -0.4，p < 0.05）以及饮食中多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸比例（P/S）（r = 0.2，p < 0.05）与HEI得分之间存在显著负相关。分别有74%、23%和3%的饮食被归类为“需要改善”、“良好”和“不良”。总之，大多数德黑兰青少年的饮食需要改善，这表明该年龄组需要进行营养教育。
