School of Health Research, Clemson University, Greenville, SC, USA; Prisma Health, Department of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA; Department of Public Health Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Department of Public Health Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Aug 1;225:108798. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108798. Epub 2021 May 30.
Laboratory models have been useful in identifying the motivational processes underlying tobacco use. This pilot study aimed at (1)validating a human laboratory model initially developed for smokers to e-cigarette users; (2)applying this model to examine the effects of stress on the reinforcing value of nicotine among young adults.
Using a randomized cross-over design, young e-cigarette users (n = 30) who were nicotine deprived were exposed to a stress or a non-stress task, and then engaged in a laboratory task assessing vaping's reward value on two separate days. During the first part of the task, participants had the option of initiating an e-cigarette self-administration session or delaying initiation for up to 50 min in exchange for money. During the second part of the task, participants chose between vaping or receiving money. The length of the delay and the number of e-cigarette uses consumed were the primary outcomes. Craving and puff topography were secondary outcomes.
There was no difference in the length of time that participants were able to refrain from vaping in the stress and control task (p = .90). Participants purchased and consumed more puffs after being exposed to the stress task compared to the control task (p<.001), puff topography and craving were unaffected.
Exposure to a stressor did not undermine the ability to resist vaping among deprived e-cigarette users (first part), but it influenced the number of uses purchased once users decided to vape (second part). This study evidences that these two parts of the task for assessing reward value are differentially sensitive to the stress manipulation.
实验室模型在确定吸烟的动机过程方面非常有用。本初步研究旨在：(1)验证最初为吸烟者开发的用于电子烟使用者的人体实验室模型；(2)应用该模型来研究压力对年轻人尼古丁强化价值的影响。
使用随机交叉设计，对有尼古丁戒断的年轻电子烟使用者（n=30）进行压力或非压力任务暴露，然后在两天内进行评估电子烟奖励价值的实验室任务。在任务的第一部分，参与者可以选择开始电子烟自我给药疗程或延迟最多 50 分钟开始，以换取金钱。在任务的第二部分，参与者可以在吸食电子烟或获得金钱之间做出选择。延迟时间的长短和电子烟使用次数是主要结果。渴望和吸烟模式是次要结果。
参与者在压力和对照任务中能够抑制吸食电子烟的时间没有差异（p=0.90）。与对照任务相比，参与者在暴露于压力任务后购买并吸食了更多的烟弹（p<.001），但吸烟模式和渴望感没有受到影响。
暴露于压力源并没有破坏有尼古丁戒断的电子烟使用者抵抗吸食电子烟的能力（第一部分），但它影响了使用者决定吸食电子烟时购买的使用次数（第二部分）。这项研究表明，评估奖励价值的任务的这两个部分对压力操作具有不同的敏感性。
