Dribe Martin, Hacker J David, Scalone Francesco
Center for Economic Demography, Department of Economic History, Lund University,
Department of History, University of Minnesota,
Soc Sci Hist. 2020 Spring;44(1):57-89. doi: 10.1017/ssh.2019.42. Epub 2020 Jan 23.
The societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today's Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can tell us as much about the way immigrants fare in their new home country. In this paper we study the disparities in infant and child mortality across nativity groups and generations, using new, high-density census data. In addition to describing differentials and trends in child mortality among 14 immigrant groups relative to the native-born white population of native parentage, we focus special attention on the association between child mortality, immigrant assimilation, and the community-level context of where immigrants lived. Our findings indicate substantial nativity differences in child mortality, but also that factors related to the societal integration of immigrants explains a substantial part of these differentials. Our results also point to the importance of spatial patterns and contextual variables in understanding nativity differentials in child mortality.
移民的社会融合在当今许多西方社会中备受关注，并且由来已久。无论是审视2015年的欧洲还是20世纪之交的美国，大量的移民潮都给接纳社会带来了挑战。尽管许多研究聚焦于移民的社会经济融合，但对其人口结构融合的关注较少，即便这能让我们同样了解移民在新的祖国的生活状况。在本文中，我们使用新的高密度人口普查数据，研究不同出生地群体和代际之间婴儿及儿童死亡率的差异。除了描述14个移民群体相对于本土出生的白人父母群体的儿童死亡率差异及趋势外，我们还特别关注儿童死亡率、移民同化以及移民居住社区层面背景之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明，儿童死亡率在出生地方面存在显著差异，而且与移民社会融合相关的因素在很大程度上解释了这些差异。我们的研究结果还指出，空间模式和背景变量在理解儿童死亡率的出生地差异方面具有重要意义。
