Pankratova Nadezda, Jović Milica, Pfeifer Marc E
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), School of Engineering, Institute of Life Technologies, Diagnostic Systems Research Group Route du Rawil 64 1950 Sion Switzerland
RSC Adv. 2021 May 12;11(28):17301-17319. doi: 10.1039/d1ra00589h.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) being one of the principal causes of death and acquired disability in the world imposes a large burden on the global economy. Mild TBI (mTBI) is particularly challenging to assess due to the frequent lack of well-pronounced post-injury symptoms. However, if left untreated mTBI (especially when repetitive) can lead to serious long-term implications such as cognitive and neuropathological disorders. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging commonly used for TBI diagnostics require well-trained personnel, are costly, difficult to adapt for on-site measurements and are not always reliable in identifying small brain lesions. Thus, there is an increasing demand for sensitive point-of-care (POC) testing tools in order to aid mTBI diagnostics and prediction of long-term effects. Biomarker quantification in body fluids is a promising basis for POC measurements, even though establishing a clinically relevant mTBI biomarker panel remains a challenge. Actually, a minimally invasive, rapid and reliable multianalyte detection device would allow the efficient determination of injury biomarker release kinetics and thus support the preclinical evaluation and clinical validation of a proposed biomarker panel for future decentralized diagnostics. In this respect electrochemical biosensors have recently attracted great attention and the present article provides a critical study on the electrochemical protocols suggested in the literature for detection of mTBI-relevant protein biomarkers. The authors give an overview of the analytical approaches for transduction element functionalization, review recent technological advances and highlight the key challenges remaining in view of an eventual integration of the proposed concepts into POC diagnostic solutions.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球主要的死亡和后天残疾原因之一，给全球经济带来了巨大负担。轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）由于受伤后症状常常不明显，因此评估起来特别具有挑战性。然而，如果不进行治疗，mTBI（尤其是重复性损伤）可能会导致严重的长期后果，如认知和神经病理障碍。常用于TBI诊断的计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像需要训练有素的人员，成本高昂，难以用于现场测量，而且在识别小的脑损伤时并不总是可靠的。因此，对敏感的即时检测（POC）工具的需求日益增加，以辅助mTBI诊断和预测长期影响。体液中的生物标志物定量是POC测量的一个有前景的基础，尽管建立一个临床相关的mTBI生物标志物组仍然是一个挑战。实际上，一种微创、快速且可靠的多分析物检测设备将能够有效地确定损伤生物标志物的释放动力学，从而支持对拟议的生物标志物组进行临床前评估和临床验证，以用于未来的分散式诊断。在这方面，电化学生物传感器最近受到了极大关注，本文对文献中提出的用于检测与mTBI相关的蛋白质生物标志物的电化学方案进行了批判性研究。作者概述了传感元件功能化的分析方法，回顾了最近的技术进展，并强调了鉴于最终将所提出的概念整合到POC诊断解决方案中而仍然存在的关键挑战。
