Khandwala Pushti, Singhal Sachi, Desai Devashish, Parsi Meghana, Potdar Rashmika
Internal Medicine, Crozer Keystone Health System, Upland, USA.
Internal Medicine, Crozer Keystone Heath System, Upland, USA.
Cureus. 2021 May 4;13(5):e14834. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14834.
Anal cancer, despite being a rare malignancy, is increasing in incidence, accounting for 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the United States, with rate of new cases being 1.9 per 100,000 men and women. It is common in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite similar treatment of anal cancer in both HIV-positive and negative patients, guidelines for prevention and treatment of therapy-related side effects are rarely studied. While these patients have a better prognosis on HAART, limited guidelines exist regarding appropriate therapy. There is a common link between HPV and HIV and the transmission of one is associated with increased risk of transmission of the other. HPV vaccine which is known to prevent high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is thought to also decrease the incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia. The association of HPV vaccine in the prevention of anal cancer in high-risk groups with HIV is a scarcely studied subject that requires further research.
肛管癌虽是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，但其发病率正在上升，在美国占所有新发癌症病例的0.5%，男女新发病例率为每10万人中有1.9例。在免疫功能低下的个体中很常见，尤其是那些患有恶性肿瘤、感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的人。尽管HIV阳性和阴性患者的肛管癌治疗方法相似，但关于治疗相关副作用的预防和治疗指南却很少被研究。虽然这些患者在高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）下预后较好，但关于适当治疗的指南有限。HPV和HIV之间存在共同联系，一种病毒的传播与另一种病毒传播风险的增加有关。已知可预防高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的HPV疫苗也被认为可降低肛管上皮内瘤变的发生率。HPV疫苗在预防高危HIV人群肛管癌方面的关联是一个鲜有研究的课题，需要进一步研究。
