Gramming P, Sundberg J
Department of Phoniatrics, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1988 Jun;83(6):2352-60. doi: 10.1121/1.396366.
Phonetograms showing the sound-pressure level (SPL) in loudest and softest possible phonation are frequently used in some voice clinics as an aid for describing the status of voice function. Spectrum analysis of the vowel /a/ produced by ten females and ten males with healthy, untrained voices revealed that the fundamental was mostly the strongest spectrum partial in soft phonation while the loudest partial in loud phonation was generally an overtone. Also, the first-formant frequency was generally lower in soft than in loud phonation. Measuring SPL in dB(A) rather than in dB lowered the phonetogram contour for soft phonation, an effect increasing with decreasing fundamental frequency. SPL measurements on a group of 22 females with healthy voices showed that the vowel /a/ gave higher SPL values than other vowels in loud phonation. The effect of using dB rather the dB(A) was great but similar for all vowels in soft phonation while, in loud phonation, the effect was small, particularly for /a/. In dB, the effect of using different vowels amounts to about +/- 5 dB, approximately. Interpretation of a phonetogram in terms of voice physiology is facilitated if SPL is given in dB and if a vowel with a high first-formant frequency is used.
在一些嗓音诊所中，常使用声谱图来展示最大声和最轻声发声时的声压级（SPL），以辅助描述嗓音功能状态。对10名嗓音健康但未受过训练的女性和10名男性发出的元音/a/进行频谱分析发现，在轻声发声时，基频大多是最强的频谱成分，而在大声发声时，最强的成分通常是泛音。此外，轻声发声时第一共振峰频率通常低于大声发声时。用dB(A)而非dB来测量声压级会降低轻声发声时声谱图的轮廓，且这种影响会随着基频降低而增大。对一组22名嗓音健康的女性进行声压级测量发现，在大声发声时，元音/a/的声压级值高于其他元音。在轻声发声时，使用dB而非dB(A)的影响很大，但对所有元音来说都类似；而在大声发声时，这种影响很小，尤其是对/a/而言。以dB为单位时，使用不同元音产生的影响约为±5 dB左右。如果以dB为单位给出声压级，并且使用第一共振峰频率较高的元音，那么从嗓音生理学角度对声谱图进行解读会更容易。
