Construction Management Division, Civil Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Hydraulics Division, Civil Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Sep 15;294:113023. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113023. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
The impacts of urbanization on water quality, hydrology, society, and the environment can be minimized through low impact development (LID) practices in urban areas. This study has evaluated the performances of seven different LID scenarios including stand-alone and different combinations of green roof (GR), bioretention cells (BC), permeable pavement (PP), and infiltration trench (IT) in the Ayamama watershed, which is one of the most densely urbanized areas in Istanbul. Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was used to obtain the performances of LID scenarios in quantitative (i.e., volume reduction and peak runoff reduction) and qualitative (i.e., Total Suspended Sediment, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Nitrate, Total Phosphate reductions) manner. To calibrate the SWMM model, the Parameter EStimation Tool (PEST) was integrated for sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization. A focus group discussion (FGD) was performed to identify the criteria and LID scenarios applicable to the study area. 16 criteria were determined as suitable, based on three dimensions of sustainability such as social, economic, and environmental. The criteria were evaluated in compliance with the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method before performing technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) for a comprehensive assessment of LID scenarios. The results showed that community resistance, operation feasibility, and quantitative benefits were the most significant criteria for LID scenario selection in social, economic, and environmental aspects, respectively. The integrated evaluation showed that the impacts of urban flooding can be reduced significantly with the combination of GR and BC. Thus, this study provides an integrated and sustainable solution to the topic based on the PEST-SWMM-fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS framework. Furthermore, the developed framework could assist decision-makers and governmental authorities to designate optimal LID scenarios.
通过在城市地区采用低影响开发（LID）实践，可以最大程度地减少城市化对水质、水文学、社会和环境的影响。本研究评估了七种不同的 LID 情景在伊斯坦布尔人口最密集地区之一的 Ayamama 流域的性能，包括单独的和不同组合的绿色屋顶（GR）、生物滞留池（BC）、透水铺装（PP）和渗沟（IT）。使用 Stormwater Management Model（SWMM）以定量（即体积减少和峰值径流量减少）和定性（即总悬浮固体、化学需氧量、总硝酸盐、总磷酸盐减少）的方式获得 LID 情景的性能。为了校准 SWMM 模型，集成了 Parameter EStimation Tool（PEST）进行敏感性分析和参数优化。进行了焦点小组讨论（FGD），以确定适用于研究区域的标准和 LID 情景。根据社会、经济和环境三个可持续性维度，确定了 16 个标准是合适的。在对 LID 情景进行综合评估之前，根据模糊层次分析法（AHP）方法对标准进行了评估，并进行了逼近理想解的排序技术（TOPSIS）。结果表明，在社会、经济和环境方面，社区阻力、运营可行性和定量效益分别是 LID 情景选择的最重要标准。综合评估表明，GR 和 BC 的结合可以显著减少城市洪水的影响。因此，本研究基于 PEST-SWMM-模糊 AHP-TOPSIS 框架为该主题提供了一种综合和可持续的解决方案。此外，所开发的框架可以帮助决策者和政府当局指定最佳的 LID 情景。
