Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Environ Int. 2021 Oct;155:106668. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106668. Epub 2021 Jun 11.
Four epidemiological studies have shown a negative association between prenatal acrylamide exposure and birth size. In order to shed light on the possible underlying mechanism(s), we analysed associations between acrylamide biomarkers and biomarkers related to fetal growth.
In newborns of the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort (n ranges from 215 to 434), we investigated the association between prenatal acrylamide exposure (acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adduct levels in cord blood) and thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4 and the ratio of T4 to T3 in cord plasma), insulin-related factors (cord plasma insulin and IGF1, and placental IGF2), neurotrophins (cord plasma BDNF, and placental NGF, NT3 and NT4), and cord plasma homocysteine and progesterone, using multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, we investigated whether the biomarkers mediated the associations between prenatal acrylamide exposure and birth outcomes.
We observed lower cord plasma TSH (-10.2% [95% CI: -15.0, -4.3]) and higher placental NGF levels (10.0% [95% CI 3.7, 17.4]) for a twofold increase of acrylamide adducts, a decrease in the ratio of cord plasma free T4 and free T3 with higher acrylamide and glycidamide adducts of -2.9% (95% CI: -5.7, -0.1) and -3.9% (95% CI: -6.2, -1.6) for a twofold increase in acrylamide and glycidamide adduct levels, respectively, and higher cord plasma free T3 with increases in both acrylamide and glycidamide adducts of 2.8% (95% CI: 0.2, 5.6) and 3.6% (95% CI: 0.8, 6.6) for a twofold increase in acrylamide and glycidamide adduct levels, respectively. Additionally, a twofold increase in glycidamide adducts was associated with lower cord plasma insulin levels, particularly among newborns of non-smoking mothers (-11.2% [95% CI: -19.5, -0.1]). Cord plasma insulin seemed to mediate the association between glycidamide adducts and birth weight.
A decrease in cord plasma insulin levels may be (a marker of) a mechanism by which gestational acrylamide exposure is associated with decreased fetal growth. The possible health consequences of the associations between gestational acrylamide exposure and thyroid hormones and neurotrophins warrant future study.
四项流行病学研究表明，产前丙烯酰胺暴露与出生体重之间存在负相关。为了阐明潜在的机制，我们分析了丙烯酰胺生物标志物与胎儿生长相关生物标志物之间的关系。
在 ENVIRONAGE 出生队列的新生儿中（n 范围为 215 至 434），我们研究了产前丙烯酰胺暴露（脐带血中的丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺半胱氨酸加合物水平）与甲状腺激素（TSH、T3、T4 和 T4 与 T3 的比值）、胰岛素相关因素（脐带血浆胰岛素和 IGF1，以及胎盘 IGF2）、神经营养因子（脐带血浆 BDNF 和胎盘 NGF、NT3 和 NT4）以及脐带血浆同型半胱氨酸和孕酮之间的关系，采用多元线性回归分析。此外，我们还研究了生物标志物是否介导了产前丙烯酰胺暴露与出生结局之间的关系。
我们观察到，与丙烯酰胺加合物增加两倍相比，脐带血浆 TSH 降低了 10.2%（95%CI：-15.0，-4.3），胎盘 NGF 水平升高了 10.0%（95%CI 3.7，17.4）；与丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺加合物增加两倍相比，脐带血浆游离 T4 和游离 T3 的比值分别降低了 2.9%（95%CI：-5.7，-0.1）和 3.9%（95%CI：-6.2，-1.6）；与丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺加合物增加两倍相比，脐带血浆游离 T3 分别升高了 2.8%（95%CI：0.2，5.6）和 3.6%（95%CI：0.8，6.6）。此外，与丙烯酰胺加合物增加两倍相比，二酰基加合物的增加与脐带血浆胰岛素水平降低有关，尤其是在非吸烟母亲的新生儿中（-11.2% [95%CI：-19.5，-0.1]）。脐带血浆胰岛素似乎介导了丙烯酰胺加合物与出生体重之间的关联。
脐带血浆胰岛素水平降低可能是（胎儿生长）机制的标志，妊娠期丙烯酰胺暴露与胎儿生长减少有关。需要进一步研究妊娠期丙烯酰胺暴露与甲状腺激素和神经营养因子之间的关联的潜在健康后果。
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