School of Economics, Liaoning University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China.
Work. 2021;69(2):687-696. doi: 10.3233/WOR-213509.
it has always been a problem for athletes that their performance is out of order due to pressure in major competitions. The change of attention pattern and the emergence of stress response (SR) caused by negative affect (NA) are the direct reasons for the greater impact on the performance of athletes. It is a hot topic to explore how to improve attention bias (AB) and SR of athletes in stressful situations.
the study aimed to analyze the improvement effect of visual search task (VST) training on AB and SR of athletes under pressure situations.
62 male basketball players with national level 2 or above of Shenyang sports institute were divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Visual search task training program was used in the EG (happy, sad, disgusted, neutral faces) and sham training program was used in the CG (all faces with neutral expression) for two months. Under the stress situation, attention behavior of all subjects before and after training was tested. Physiological coherence and autonomic balance system were used to record heart rate variability synchronously. Parallel frequency domain analysis was divided into very low frequency band (VLF), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and total spectrum (TP). The normalized treatment obtained indexes such as HFnorm, LFnorm, and LF/HF. The e-prime 2.0 software was adopted to obtain the attention bias score. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the self-rating stress scale were adopted for evaluation before and after training.
the self-rating pressure in the two groups was lower than that before the training, and the pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After training, the positive emotion of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the EG was lower than that of the CG (P < 0.05). After training, the score of attention bias of happy and neutral faces in the EG was higher than that of theCG, while the score of attention bias of sad and disgusted faces was lower than that of the CG (P < 0.05). After training, LF/HF and LFnorm in the EG were lower than those in the CG, and HFnorm was higher than those in the CG (P < 0.05).
the training of visual search task can effectively improve the athletes' PA and AB of positive information, reduce the attention bias of negative information and psychological pressure, and relieve theSR.
运动员在重大比赛中因压力导致表现失常一直是个问题。注意模式的改变和负性情绪（NA）引起的应激反应（SR）的出现，是对运动员表现产生更大影响的直接原因。探索如何改善运动员在紧张情况下的注意偏向（AB）和 SR 是一个热点话题。
本研究旨在分析视觉搜索任务（VST）训练对运动员在压力情境下 AB 和 SR 的改善效果。
将沈阳体育学院具有国家二级及以上水平的 62 名男性篮球运动员分为实验组（EG）和对照组（CG）。EG 采用视觉搜索任务训练程序（快乐、悲伤、厌恶、中性面孔），CG 采用假训练程序（所有面孔均为中性表情），训练时间为两个月。在压力情境下，测试所有受试者训练前后的注意行为。采用生理相干性和自主平衡系统同步记录心率变异性。平行频域分析分为极低频带（VLF）、低频（LF）、高频（HF）和总谱（TP）。归一化处理得到 HFnorm、LFnorm 和 LF/HF 等指标。采用 e-prime 2.0 软件获得注意偏向得分。采用正负情绪量表（PANAS）和自评分压力量表进行训练前后的评估。
两组的自我压力评分均低于训练前，实验组的压力评分低于对照组（P < 0.05）。训练后，实验组的正性情绪高于对照组，EG 低于 CG（P < 0.05）。训练后，EG 对快乐和中性面孔的注意偏向得分高于 CG，而对悲伤和厌恶面孔的注意偏向得分低于 CG（P < 0.05）。训练后，EG 的 LF/HF 和 LFnorm 低于 CG，HFnorm 高于 CG（P < 0.05）。
视觉搜索任务训练可以有效提高运动员的正性情绪和对正性信息的注意偏向，降低对负性信息的注意偏向和心理压力，缓解 SR。
