Hwang Dong Gyu, Choi Yoo-Mi, Jang Jinah
School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 May 31;9:685507. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.685507. eCollection 2021.
A wide variety of experimental models including 2D cell cultures, model organisms, and 3D models have been developed to understand pathophysiological phenomena and assess the safety and efficacy of potential therapeutics. In this sense, 3D models are an intermediate between 2D cell cultures and animal models, as they adequately reproduce 3D microenvironments and human physiology while also being controllable and reproducible. Particularly, recent advances in 3D biomimicry models, which can produce complex cell structures, shapes, and arrangements, can more similarly reflect conditions than 2D cell culture. Based on this, 3D bioprinting technology, which enables to place the desired materials in the desired locations, has been introduced to fabricate tissue models with high structural similarity to the native tissues. Therefore, this review discusses the recent developments in this field and the key features of various types of 3D-bioprinted tissues, particularly those associated with blood vessels or highly vascularized organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidney. Moreover, this review also summarizes the current state of the three categories: (1) chemical substance treatment, (2) 3D bioprinting of lesions, and (3) recapitulation of tumor microenvironments (TME) of 3D bioprinting-based disease models according to their disease modeling approach. Finally, we propose the future directions of 3D bioprinting approaches for the creation of more advanced biomimetic 3D tissues, as well as the translation of 3D bioprinted tissue models to clinical applications.
为了理解病理生理现象并评估潜在治疗方法的安全性和有效性，人们开发了各种各样的实验模型，包括二维细胞培养、模式生物和三维模型。从这个意义上说，三维模型是二维细胞培养和动物模型之间的一种中间模型，因为它们能够充分再现三维微环境和人体生理机能，同时还具有可控性和可重复性。特别是，三维仿生模型（能够产生复杂的细胞结构、形状和排列）的最新进展，比二维细胞培养更能相似地反映实际情况。基于此，能够将所需材料放置在所需位置的三维生物打印技术已被引入，用于制造与天然组织具有高度结构相似性的组织模型。因此，本综述讨论了该领域的最新进展以及各种类型的三维生物打印组织的关键特征，特别是那些与血管或高度血管化器官（如心脏、肝脏和肾脏）相关的特征。此外，本综述还根据其疾病建模方法总结了以下三类的当前状态：（1）化学物质处理，（2）病变的三维生物打印，以及（3）基于三维生物打印的疾病模型的肿瘤微环境（TME）重现。最后，我们提出了三维生物打印方法的未来发展方向，以创建更先进的仿生三维组织，以及将三维生物打印组织模型转化为临床应用。
