Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
Biomaterials. 2018 Feb;154:113-133. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro neural tissue models provide a better recapitulation of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Therefore, the former is believed to have great potential for both mechanistic and translational studies. In this paper, we review the recent developments in 3D in vitro neural tissue models, with a particular focus on the emerging bioprinted tissue structures. We draw on specific examples to describe the merits and limitations of each model, in terms of different applications. Bioprinting offers a revolutionary approach for constructing repeatable and controllable 3D in vitro neural tissues with diverse cell types, complex microscale features and tissue level responses. Further advances in bioprinting research would likely consolidate existing models and generate complex neural tissue structures bearing higher fidelity, which is ultimately useful for probing disease-specific mechanisms, facilitating development of novel therapeutics and promoting neural regeneration.
三维（3D）体外神经组织模型比传统的二维（2D）培养更好地模拟了体内细胞-细胞和细胞-细胞外基质的相互作用。因此，前者被认为在机制和转化研究方面具有很大的潜力。本文综述了 3D 体外神经组织模型的最新进展，特别关注新兴的生物打印组织结构。我们通过具体的例子来描述每种模型在不同应用中的优缺点。生物打印为构建具有不同细胞类型、复杂微尺度特征和组织水平反应的可重复和可控的 3D 体外神经组织提供了一种革命性的方法。生物打印研究的进一步进展可能会巩固现有的模型，并产生具有更高保真度的复杂神经组织结构，这对于探究特定疾病的机制、促进新型治疗药物的开发以及促进神经再生最终都是有用的。
