口腔 pH 值变化对吸烟欲望的影响。

Effects of Oral pH Changes on Smoking Desire.

机构信息

Department of Chest Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.

Department of Oral and Dental Health, Dokuz Eylül University Vocational School of Health Services, İzmir, Turkey.

出版信息

Balkan Med J. 2021 May;38(3):165-170. doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2021.20125. Epub 2020 Dec 25.

DOI:10.5152/balkanmedj.2021.20125

PMID:34142959

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8880939/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Nicotine addiction is associated with nicotine absorption from the buccal mucosa, and it is stated that the main factor that determines nicotine absorption is saliva pH. In the literature, the effects of changes in saliva pH values after eating and drinking on smoking desire in smokers were not questioned.

AIM

To show the effect of saliva pH changes on smoking desire. The secondary aim was to show the impact of coffee and water drinking on saliva pH and smoking on oral-dental health (oral hygiene and gingival bleeding).

STUDY DESIGN

Case-control study.

METHODS

A questionnaire was administered that included "Sociodemographic Data Form" and smoking history and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Oral and dental examinations were performed with mirror sonds and using oral hygiene standard Silness and Leöe plaque index and DMFT Index (Index of Decayed Missing or Filled Teeth). Untreated saliva samples were taken, and baseline saliva flow rate and pH values were measured. To assess pH changes, saliva pH was remeasured after sugar-free instant coffee and water consumption. Smoking desire was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

RESULTS

In this study, 24 (55.8%) females and 19 (44.2%) males were among the 43 smoking and 39 nonsmoking cases. Smoking was significantly associated with poor oral hygiene (in smokers 4.71 (±1.40), in non-smokers 2.30 (±1.59); P < .01). DMFT index was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (in smokers 6.45 (±3.69), in non-smokers 3.87 (±2.67); P < .01). Gingival bleeding was more prevalent in smokers (0.68 (±0.76)) than non-smokers (1.20 (±0.90); P = .009). Salivary flow rates were lower in smokers (in smokers 2.56 (±1.34), in non-smokers 3.00 (±1.22), P = .06). In both groups, pH values increased after coffee consumption and decreased after water; in smokers basal: 6.67 (±0.41), pH coffee: 6.93 (±0.36), pH water: 6.85 (±0.33); in non-smokers pH basal: 6.84 (±0.37), pH coffee: 7.02 (±0.37), pH water: 6.97 (±0.31), P < .01. The VAS values of smokers at basal 4.73 (±3.21); P < 0.01, after coffee consumption 4.91 (±3.08); P < .01, and after water 3.15 (±2.72); P < .01.

CONCLUSION

The saliva pH increased after coffee consumption and decreased after drinking water. Besides, VAS values decreased significantly after drinking water. The results suggest that a simple behavior such as drinking water may be used in conjunction with behavioral and cognitive therapies to pursue smoking cessation.

摘要

背景

尼古丁成瘾与颊黏膜吸收尼古丁有关，据报道，决定尼古丁吸收的主要因素是唾液 pH 值。在文献中，并没有质疑进食和饮水后唾液 pH 值变化对吸烟者吸烟欲望的影响。

目的

展示唾液 pH 值变化对吸烟欲望的影响。次要目的是展示咖啡和水的摄入对唾液 pH 值以及吸烟对口腔牙齿健康（口腔卫生和牙龈出血）的影响。

研究设计

病例对照研究。

方法

进行了问卷调查，其中包括“社会人口统计学数据表格”以及吸烟史和尼古丁依赖 Fagerström 测试（FTND）。使用镜面 sond 进行口腔和牙齿检查，并使用口腔卫生标准 Silness 和 Leöe 牙菌斑指数和 DMFT 指数（龋齿、缺失或填充的牙齿指数）。采集未处理的唾液样本，并测量基础唾液流量和 pH 值。为了评估 pH 值变化，在饮用无糖即时咖啡和水后重新测量唾液 pH 值。使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估吸烟欲望。

结果

在这项研究中，43 名吸烟者中有 24 名（55.8%）女性和 19 名（44.2%）男性，39 名不吸烟者中有 24 名（55.8%）女性和 19 名（44.2%）男性。吸烟与口腔卫生不良显著相关（吸烟者中为 4.71（±1.40），非吸烟者中为 2.30（±1.59）；P <.01）。DMFT 指数在吸烟者中高于非吸烟者（吸烟者中为 6.45（±3.69），非吸烟者中为 3.87（±2.67）；P <.01）。吸烟者的牙龈出血更为常见（0.68（±0.76））而非吸烟者（1.20（±0.90）；P =.009）。吸烟者的唾液流量较低（吸烟者中为 2.56（±1.34），非吸烟者中为 3.00（±1.22），P =.06）。在两组中，咖啡摄入后 pH 值升高，水摄入后 pH 值降低；吸烟者基础：6.67（±0.41），咖啡 pH 值：6.93（±0.36），水 pH 值：6.85（±0.33）；非吸烟者基础：6.84（±0.37），咖啡 pH 值：7.02（±0.37），水 pH 值：6.97（±0.31），P <.01。吸烟者的 VAS 值基础值为 4.73（±3.21）；P < 0.01，咖啡后为 4.91（±3.08）；P <.01，水后为 3.15（±2.72）；P <.01。