Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States.
ACS Nano. 2021 Jul 27;15(7):11817-11827. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02917. Epub 2021 Jun 20.
In agriculture, loss of crop yield to pathogen damage seriously threatens efforts to achieve global food security. In the present work, "organic" elemental sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) were investigated for management of the fungal pathogen f. sp. on tomatoes. Foliar application and seed treatment with SNPs (30-100 mg/L, 30 and 100 nm) suppressed pathogen infection in tomatoes, in a concentration- and size-dependent fashion in a greenhouse experiment. Foliar application with 1 mg/plant of 30 nm SNPs (30-SNPs) exhibited the best performance for disease suppression, significantly decreasing disease incidence by 47.6% and increasing tomato shoot biomass by 55.6% after 10 weeks application. Importantly, the disease control efficacy with 30-SNPs was 1.43-fold greater than the commercially available fungicide hymexazol. Mechanistically, 30-SNPs activated the salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance pathway in tomato shoots and roots, with subsequent upregulation of the expression of pathogenesis-related and antioxidase-related genes (upregulated by 11-352%) and enhancement of the activity and content of disease-related biomolecules (enhanced by 5-49%). In addition, transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that SNPs were distributed in the tomato stem and directly inactivated pathogens. The oxidative stress in tomato shoots and roots, the root plasma membrane damage, and the growth of the pathogen in stem were all significantly decreased by SNPs. The findings highlight the significant potential of SNPs as an eco-friendly and sustainable crop protection strategy.
在农业中，作物因病原体损害而减产严重威胁着实现全球粮食安全的努力。在本工作中，研究了“有机”元素硫纳米颗粒（SNPs）对番茄真菌病原体 f. sp. 的管理。温室试验表明，SNPs（30-100mg/L、30 和 100nm）的叶面喷施和种子处理以浓度和尺寸依赖的方式抑制了番茄中的病原体感染。叶面喷施 1mg/株 30nm SNPs（30-SNPs）在抑制疾病方面表现出最佳性能，在 10 周后处理后，疾病发病率显著降低了 47.6%，番茄茎生物量增加了 55.6%。重要的是，30-SNPs 的疾病控制效果比市售杀菌剂 hymexazol 高 1.43 倍。从机制上讲，30-SNPs 激活了番茄茎和根中的水杨酸依赖的系统获得性抗性途径，随后上调了与发病机制和抗氧化酶相关的基因的表达（上调 11-352%），并增强了与疾病相关的生物分子的活性和含量（增强 5-49%）。此外，透射电子显微镜成像显示 SNPs 分布在番茄茎中并直接使病原体失活。SNPs 显著降低了番茄茎和根中的氧化应激、根质膜损伤以及病原体在茎中的生长。这些发现突出了 SNPs 作为一种环保和可持续的作物保护策略的巨大潜力。
