Pinna Andrea, Husted Søren
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Physiol Plant. 2025 Sep-Oct;177(5):e70476. doi: 10.1111/ppl.70476.
Recent advances in plant science have greatly enhanced agronomic practices involving the foliar application of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. However, the limited phloem mobility of certain nutrients and nonsystemic pesticides reduces the effectiveness of these strategies. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising carriers to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and crop protection by enabling long-distance transport and targeted delivery of essential nutrients and active ingredients. While increasing evidence suggests that foliar-applied NPs can translocate within plants, a mechanistic understanding and agronomically relevant case studies remain scarce. As a result, the extent to which NP translocation can facilitate significant distribution and cargo release within plants is yet to be fully established. This review critically evaluates existing research on foliar NP translocation, emphasizing key findings within a plant science framework. Specifically, we examine how NP design can influence translocation and assess the existing quantitative data of NP remobilization within plants. Additionally, we explore how physiological processes affect NP transport and highlight alternative, often overlooked translocation pathways. Lastly, we assess current techniques used to study NP transport, discussing their applicability and limitations. This review identifies significant research gaps that must be addressed to advance nano-enabled plant nutrition as well as crop protection and can therefore be used to inspire future research.
植物科学的最新进展极大地改进了涉及叶面喷施化肥和农药等农用化学品的农艺实践。然而，某些养分和非内吸性农药在韧皮部的移动性有限，降低了这些策略的有效性。纳米颗粒（NPs）已成为有前景的载体，通过实现必需养分和活性成分的长距离运输和靶向递送，提高养分利用效率（NUE）和作物保护水平。虽然越来越多的证据表明叶面喷施的纳米颗粒可以在植物体内转运，但对其机制的理解以及与农艺相关的案例研究仍然很少。因此，纳米颗粒转运在促进植物体内显著分布和货物释放方面的程度尚未完全明确。本综述批判性地评估了关于叶面纳米颗粒转运的现有研究，强调植物科学框架内的关键发现。具体而言，我们研究了纳米颗粒设计如何影响转运，并评估了植物体内纳米颗粒再转运的现有定量数据。此外，我们探讨了生理过程如何影响纳米颗粒运输，并强调了其他通常被忽视的转运途径。最后，我们评估了目前用于研究纳米颗粒运输的技术，讨论了它们的适用性和局限性。本综述确定了推进纳米植物营养以及作物保护必须解决的确切研究差距，因此可用于激发未来的研究。
