Kapoor Riti T, Salvadori Marcia R, Rafatullah Mohd, Siddiqui Masoom R, Khan Moonis A, Alshareef Shareefa A
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Institute-II, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jun 4;12:658294. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658294. eCollection 2021.
The nanomaterials synthesis is an intensifying research field due to their wide applications. The high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles and quick interaction capacity with different particles make them as an attractive tool in different areas. Conventional physical and chemical procedures for development of metal nanoparticles become outmoded due to extensive production method, energy expenditure and generation of toxic by-products which causes significant risks to the human health and environment. Hence, there is a growing requirement to search substitute, non-expensive, reliable, biocompatible and environmental friendly methods for development of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles synthesis by microorganisms has gained significant interest due to their potential to synthesize nanoparticles in various sizes, shape and composition with different physico-chemical properties. Microbes can be widely applied for nanoparticles production due to easy handling and processing, requirement of low-cost medium such as agro-wastes, simple scaling up, economic viability with the ability of adsorbing and reducing metal ions into nanoparticles through metabolic processes. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles offers clean, non-toxic, environmentally benign and sustainable approach in which renewable materials can be used for metal reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. Nanomaterials synthesized through microbes can be used as a pollution abatement tool as they also contain multiple functional groups that can easily target pollutants for efficient bioremediation and promotes environmental cleanup. The objective of the present review is to highlight the significance of micro-organisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, yeast, algae and viruses for nanoparticles synthesis and advantages of microbial approaches for elimination of heavy metals, dyes and wastewater treatment.
由于纳米材料的广泛应用，其合成成为一个不断发展的研究领域。纳米粒子的高比表面积和与不同粒子的快速相互作用能力使其成为不同领域中具有吸引力的工具。传统的制备金属纳米粒子的物理和化学方法因生产方式粗放、能源消耗大以及产生有毒副产物而变得过时，这些副产物对人类健康和环境构成重大风险。因此，越来越需要寻找替代的、廉价的、可靠的、生物相容且环境友好的纳米粒子制备方法。通过微生物合成纳米粒子引起了人们的极大兴趣，因为它们有潜力合成各种尺寸、形状和组成且具有不同物理化学性质的纳米粒子。微生物因其易于处理和加工、所需低成本培养基（如农业废弃物）、易于扩大规模、具有经济可行性以及能够通过代谢过程将金属离子吸附并还原为纳米粒子等特点，可广泛应用于纳米粒子的生产。纳米粒子的生物合成提供了一种清洁、无毒、环境友好且可持续的方法，其中可再生材料可用于金属还原和纳米粒子稳定化。通过微生物合成的纳米材料可作为污染治理工具，因为它们还含有多个官能团，能够轻松靶向污染物以实现高效生物修复并促进环境清理。本综述的目的是强调细菌、放线菌、丝状真菌、酵母、藻类和病毒等微生物在纳米粒子合成中的重要性，以及微生物方法在去除重金属、染料和废水处理方面的优势。
