Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.
Front Immunol. 2021 Jun 4;12:621803. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621803. eCollection 2021.
Feeding practices have been found to influence gut microbiota which play a major role in immunity of poultry. In the present study, changes in cecal microbiota and humoral responses resulting in the 55 ppm bacitracin (BACI), 1% each of cranberry (CP1) and wild blueberry (BP1) pomace alone or in combination (CP+BP) feeding in broiler Cobb 500 vaccinated or not against coccidiosis were investigated. In the non-vaccinated group, no significant treatment effects were observed on performance parameters. Vaccination significantly affected bird's performance parameters particularly during the growing phase from 10 to 20 days of age. In general, the prevalence of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) was reduced by vaccination ( < 0.05). BACI-treated birds showed low intestinal lesion scores, and both CP1 and BP1 feed supplementations reduced and incidences similar to BACI. Vaccination induced change in serum enzymes, minerals, and lipid levels in 21-day old birds while, levels of triglyceride (TRIG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were higher ( < 0.05) in CP1 treated non-vaccinated group than in the control. The levels of NEFA were lower in BACI- and CP1-fed birds than in the control in non-vaccinated day 28 old birds. The highest levels of all estimated three immunoglobulins (IgY, IgM, and IgA) were found in the vaccinated birds. Metagenomics analysis of the cecal bacterial community in 21-day old birds showed the presence of (90%), (5%), (2%), and (2%). In the vaccinated group, an effect of BACI was noted on ( = 0.03). Vaccination and/or dietary treatments influenced the population of , , and which were among the most abundant families. Overall, this study revealed that besides their beneficial effects on performance, alike bacitracin, berry pomaces in poultry feed have profound impacts on the chicken cecal microbiota and blood metabolites that could be influenced by vaccination against coccidiosis.
饲养方式已被证明会影响肠道微生物群，而肠道微生物群在禽类的免疫中起着重要作用。在本研究中，研究了 55ppm 杆菌肽（BACI）、1%蔓越莓（CP1）和野生蓝莓（BP1）渣单独或联合（CP+BP）喂养对科宝 500 肉鸡肠道微生物群和体液反应的影响，这些肉鸡接种了或未接种球虫病疫苗。在未接种疫苗的组中，性能参数没有受到显著的处理影响。疫苗接种显著影响了鸟类的性能参数，特别是在 10 至 20 日龄的生长阶段。一般来说，接种疫苗降低了球虫病和坏死性肠炎（NE）的发生率（<0.05）。杆菌肽处理的鸟类肠道病变评分较低，CP1 和 BP1 的饲料补充均降低了 和 的发生率，与杆菌肽相似。接种疫苗改变了 21 日龄鸟类的血清酶、矿物质和脂质水平，而未接种疫苗的 CP1 处理组的甘油三酯（TRIG）和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）水平高于对照组（<0.05）。与对照组相比，非接种疫苗的 28 日龄鸟类中，BACI 和 CP1 喂养的鸟类的 NEFA 水平较低。在接种疫苗的鸟类中，三种估计的免疫球蛋白（IgY、IgM 和 IgA）水平最高。21 日龄鸟类盲肠细菌群落的宏基因组分析显示，存在 （90%）、 （5%）、 （2%）和 （2%）。在接种疫苗的组中，杆菌肽对 （=0.03）有影响。接种疫苗和/或饮食处理影响了 、 、 和 的种群，这些菌属是最丰富的菌属之一。总的来说，这项研究表明，除了对性能的有益影响外，类似于杆菌肽的浆果渣在禽类饲料中对鸡盲肠微生物群和血液代谢物有深远的影响，而这些影响可能会受到球虫病疫苗接种的影响。
